Ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo elingama-304/304L lingenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezinsimbi zamapayipi ensimbi engenamthungo. Insimbi engagqwali engama-304/304L iyinsimbi engagqwali evamile ye-chromium-nickel alloy enokumelana okuhle nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu, efaneleka kakhulu ekwenziweni kwezinsimbi zamapayipi.
Insimbi engagqwali engu-304 inokumelana okuhle kokushiswa kwe-oxidation kanye nokumelana nokugqwala, futhi ingagcina ukuqina kanye nokuqina kwesakhiwo sayo ezindaweni ezahlukahlukene zamakhemikhali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphinde ibe nokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokucubungula kanye nokuqina, okulungele ukusebenza okubandayo nokushisa, futhi ingahlangabezana nezidingo zokukhiqiza zezingxenye ezahlukene zamapayipi.
Izithako zamapayipi ensimbi engagqwali, ikakhulukazi izithako zamapayipi ezingenamthungo, zinezidingo eziphezulu zezinto zokwakha futhi zidinga ukuvalwa okuhle nokumelana nengcindezi. Ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo le-304 livame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izithako zamapayipi ahlukahlukene ngenxa yamandla alo aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kanye nobuso bangaphakathi obubushelelezi, njengezindololwane, ama-tee, ama-flange, amakhanda amakhulu namancane, njll.
Kafushane,Ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo engu-304idlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezinsimbi zokufaka amapayipi zensimbi engagqwali, inikeza ukusebenza okuhle kakhulu kanye nekhwalithi ethembekile, futhi inikeza isiqinisekiso esibalulekile sokusebenza okuphephile kanye nokuqina kwezinsimbi zokufaka amapayipi.
Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokushiya ifektri enqubweni yokukhiqiza izinto zokusetshenziswa, kumele ihlolwe ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi kumele ihlangabezane nezimfuneko ezijwayelekile zokukhiqizwa kokufakwa kwamapayipi. Nazi ezinye izindlela zokuhlola ukusebenza kwe-304/304L.ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo engagqwali.
01. Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala
Ipayipi lensimbi engenasici engu-304 kufanele lihlolwe ukumelana nokugqwala ngokwemibandela ejwayelekile noma indlela yokugqwala evunyelwene ngayo yizinhlangothi zombili.
Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala kwe-intergranular: Inhloso yalolu vivinyo ukuthola ukuthi into ethile ithambekele ekugqwaleni kwe-intergranular. Ukugqwala kwe-intergranular uhlobo lokugqwala kwendawo okudala imifantu yokugqwala emingceleni yokusanhlamvu kwento ethile, ekugcineni kuholele ekwahlulekeni kwezinto.
Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala kokucindezeleka:Inhloso yalolu vivinyo ukuhlola ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni zokucindezeleka kanye nokugqwala. Ukugqwala kokucindezeleka kuyindlela eyingozi kakhulu yokugqwala ebangela ukwakheka kwemifantu ezindaweni zezinto ezicindezelekile, okubangela ukuthi izinto ziqhekeke.
Ukuhlolwa Kokuphonsa:Inhloso yalolu vivinyo ukuhlola ikhono lento yokumelana nokugqwala endaweni equkethe ama-ion e-chloride. Ukugqwala kokugqwala kuyindlela yokugqwala esendaweni edala imigodi emincane ebusweni bento futhi ikhule kancane kancane ibe imifantu.
Ukuhlolwa kokugqwala okufanayo:Inhloso yalolu vivinyo ukuhlola ukumelana kokugqwala kwezinto ezisetshenziswa endaweni egqwalisayo. Ukugqwala okufanayo kubhekisela ekwakhekeni okufanayo kwezingqimba ze-oxide noma imikhiqizo yokugqwala ebusweni bezinto.
Uma kwenziwa izivivinyo zokugqwala, kubalulekile ukukhetha izimo zokuhlola ezifanele, njenge-corrosion medium, izinga lokushisa, ingcindezi, isikhathi sokuchayeka, njll. Ngemva kokuhlolwa, kuyadingeka ukwahlulela ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto ngokuhlola okubonakalayo, ukulinganisa ukwehla kwesisindo, ukuhlaziywa kwe-metallographic kanye nezinye izindlela kusampula.
02. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwenqubo
Ukuhlolwa kokuthamba: kuthola ikhono lokuguquguquka kwepayipi ohlangothini oluthamba.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqina: Kulinganisa amandla okuqina kanye nobude bento.
Ukuhlolwa komthelela: Hlola ukuqina kanye nokumelana komthelela kwezinto.
Ukuhlolwa kokuvutha: hlola ukumelana kwepayipi ekuguqukeni ngesikhathi sokunwetshwa.
Ukuhlolwa kobulukhuni: Linganisa inani lobulukhuni bento ethile.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Metallographic: qaphela isakhiwo esincane kanye nokuguquka kwesigaba sezinto.
Ukuhlolwa kokugoba: Hlola ukuguquguquka kanye nokwehluleka kwepayipi ngesikhathi sokugoba.
Ukuhlolwa okungabhubhisi: kufaka phakathi ukuhlolwa kwamanje kwe-eddy, ukuhlolwa kwe-X-ray kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic ukuthola amaphutha namaphutha ngaphakathi kwepayipi.
03. Ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali
Ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali kokwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwezinto ezibonakalayo zepayipi lensimbi engagqwali elingathungeki elingu-304 kungenziwa ngokuhlaziywa kwe-spectral, ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali, ukuhlaziywa kwe-energy spectrum nezinye izindlela.
Phakathi kwazo, uhlobo nokuqukethwe kwezinto ezibonakalayo kunganqunywa ngokulinganisa ububanzi bezinto ezibonakalayo. Kungenzeka futhi ukunquma uhlobo nokuqukethwe kwezinto ezibonakalayo ngokuncibilikisa izinto ngokwamakhemikhali, i-redox, njll., bese kuba ngokuhlaziywa kwe-titration noma kwezinsimbi. I-Energy spectroscopy iyindlela esheshayo nelula yokunquma uhlobo nobuningi bezinto ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo ngokuzivuselela ngomsebe we-electron bese uthola ama-X-ray avelayo noma imisebe ephawulekayo.
Kumbhobho wensimbi engagqwali engenamthungo engu-304, ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali ayo kufanele kuhlangabezane nezidingo ezijwayelekile, njenge-GB/T 14976-2012 "umbhobho wensimbi engagqwali engenamthungo wokuthutha uketshezi" waseShayina, ochaza izinkomba ezahlukahlukene zokwakheka kwamakhemikhali zembhobho yensimbi engagqwali engenamthungo engu-304, njengekhabhoni, i-silicon, i-manganese, i-phosphorus, i-sulfur, i-chromium, i-nickel, i-molybdenum, i-nitrogen nezinye izakhi. Lapho kwenziwa ukuhlaziywa kwamakhemikhali, lawa mazinga noma amakhodi kudingeka asetshenziswe njengesisekelo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwezinto kuyahlangabezana nezidingo.
Insimbi (Fe): Umkhawulo
Ikhabhoni (C): ≤ 0.08% (okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungu-304L≤ 0.03%)
I-Silicon(Si): ≤ 1.00%
I-Manganese (Mn): ≤ 2.00%
I-Phosphorus（P）：≤ 0.045%
Isibabule (S): ≤ 0.030%
I-Chromium (Cr): 18.00% - 20.00%
I-Nickel(Ni):8.00% - 10.50%
Lawa manani angaphakathi kobubanzi obudingekayo yizindinganiso ezijwayelekile, futhi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali athile kungalungiswa ngokuya ngezindinganiso ezahlukene (isb. i-ASTM, i-GB, njll.) kanye nezidingo zomkhiqizo ezithile zomenzi.
04. Ukuhlolwa kwe-Barometric kanye ne-hydrostatic
Ukuhlolwa kwengcindezi yamanzi kanye nokuhlolwa kwengcindezi yomoya okungu-304ipayipi lensimbi engenamthungo engagqwalizisetshenziselwa ukuhlola ukumelana nengcindezi kanye nokuqina komoya kwepayipi.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-hydrostatic:
Lungisa isampula: Khetha isampula efanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubude nobubanzi besampula buyahlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlolwa.
Xhuma isampula: Xhuma isampula emshinini wokuhlola we-hydrostatic ukuqinisekisa ukuthi uxhumano luvalwe kahle.
Qala isivivinyo: Faka amanzi ngengcindezi ethile kusampula bese uyibamba isikhathi esinqunyiwe. Ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile, ingcindezi yokuhlola ingu-2.45Mpa, futhi isikhathi sokubamba asikwazi ukuba ngaphansi kwemizuzwana emihlanu.
Hlola ukuvuza: Bheka isampula ukuze ubone ukuvuza noma ezinye izinkinga ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
Qopha imiphumela: Qopha ingcindezi nemiphumela yokuhlolwa, bese uhlaziya imiphumela.
Ukuhlolwa kwe-Barometric:
Lungisa isampula: Khetha isampula efanele ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ubude nobubanzi besampula buyahlangabezana nezidingo zokuhlolwa.
Xhuma isampula: Xhuma isampula emshinini wokuhlola umfutho womoya ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ingxenye yokuxhuma ivalwe kahle.
Qala isivivinyo: Faka umoya ngengcindezi ethile kusampula bese uyibamba isikhathi esithile. Ngokuvamile, ingcindezi yokuhlola ingu-0.5Mpa, futhi isikhathi sokubamba singalungiswa njengoba kudingeka.
Hlola ukuvuza: Bheka isampula ukuze ubone ukuvuza noma ezinye izinkinga ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
Qopha imiphumela: Qopha ingcindezi nemiphumela yokuhlolwa, bese uhlaziya imiphumela.
Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuhlolwa kufanele kwenziwe endaweni efanele futhi izimo, njengezinga lokushisa, umswakama kanye nezinye izilinganiso kufanele zihlangabezane nezidingo zokuhlolwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukunaka ukuphepha lapho kwenziwa izivivinyo ukuze kugwenywe izimo ezingalindelekile ngesikhathi sokuhlolwa.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Julayi-26-2023