Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo ye-304/304L yenye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekwenziweni kwezinto zokufakelwa kwepayipi yentsimbi engenamthungo. Intsimbi engenamthungo ye-304/304L yintsimbi eqhelekileyo engenamthungo ye-chromium-nickel alloy enokumelana nokugqwala okuhle kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, efanelekileyo kakhulu ekwenzeni izinto zokufakelwa kwepayipi.
I-304 stainless steel inokumelana okuhle kwe-oxidation kunye nokugqwala, kwaye inokugcina uzinzo kunye namandla esakhiwo sayo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zeekhemikhali. Ukongeza, ikwanayo nokusebenza kakuhle kokucubungula kunye nokuqina, okulungeleyo ukusebenza kubanda nashushu, kwaye inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokuvelisa izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zepayipi.
Izixhobo zombhobho wentsimbi engagqwaliyo, ingakumbi izixhobo zombhobho ezingenamthungo, zinemfuno ephezulu yezixhobo kwaye kufuneka zibe nokutywinwa okuhle kunye nokumelana noxinzelelo. Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo we-304 udla ngokusetyenziselwa ukwenza izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zombhobho ngenxa yamandla awo aphezulu, ukumelana nokugqwala kunye nomphezulu wangaphakathi ogudileyo, njengeengqiniba, ii-tee, ii-flanges, iintloko ezinkulu nezincinci, njl.
Kufuphi,Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo engama-304Idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekwenziweni kwee-stainless steel pipe fittings, zibonelela ngokusebenza okugqwesileyo kunye nomgangatho othembekileyo, kwaye zibonelela ngesiqinisekiso esibalulekileyo sokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kunye nokuqina kwee-pipe fittings.
Ngoko ke, ngaphambi kokuba iphume efektri ikwinkqubo yokuvelisa izinto eziluhlaza, kufuneka ivavanywe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwaye ihlangabezane neemfuno ezisemgangathweni zokuvelisa izixhobo zombhobho. Nazi ezinye iindlela zokujonga ukusebenza kwe-304/304L.umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo engenasici.
01. Uvavanyo lokugqwala
Umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo we-304 kufuneka uvavanywe ngokumelana nokugqwala ngokwemigaqo eqhelekileyo okanye indlela yokugqwala evunyelwene ngayo ngamaqela omabini.
Uvavanyo lokugqwala phakathi kweegranular: Injongo yolu vavanyo kukufumanisa ukuba ingaba into ethile inomdla wokugqwala phakathi kweegranular. Ukugqwala phakathi kweegranular luhlobo lokugqwala oluhlala kwindawo ethile oludala imingxunya yokugqwala kwimida yeenkozo zento, ekugqibeleni okukhokelela ekungasebenzi kakuhle kwezinto.
Uvavanyo lokugqwala koxinzelelo:Injongo yolu vavanyo kukuvavanya ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto kwiindawo ezixinezelekileyo nakwiindawo ezixinezelekileyo. Ukugqwala koxinzelelo luhlobo oluyingozi kakhulu lokugqwala olubangela ukuba kubekho imingxunya kwiindawo zezinto ezixinezelekileyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba izinto ziqhekeke.
Uvavanyo lokuphosa:Injongo yolu vavanyo kukuvavanya amandla ezinto ezisetyenziswayo ukumelana nokugruzuka kwindawo enee-ion ze-chloride. Ukugruzuka kwengxolo yindlela yokugruzuka eyenzeka kwindawo ethile edala imingxunya emincinci kumphezulu wezinto ezisetyenziswayo kwaye ikhula kancinci kancinci ukuze yenze imingxunya.
Uvavanyo lokugqwala olufanayo:Injongo yolu vavanyo kukuvavanya ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto kwindawo egqwalisayo. Ukugqwala okufanayo kubhekisa ekwakhekeni okufanayo kweengqimba ze-oxide okanye iimveliso zokugqwala kumphezulu wezinto.
Xa kusenziwa uvavanyo lokugqwala, kuyimfuneko ukukhetha iimeko zovavanyo ezifanelekileyo, ezifana nomgangatho wokugqwala, ubushushu, uxinzelelo, ixesha lokuvezwa, njl. Emva kovavanyo, kuyimfuneko ukugweba ukumelana nokugqwala kwezinto ngokuhlola ngokubonakalayo, ukulinganisa ukwehla kobunzima, uhlalutyo lwe-metallographic kunye nezinye iindlela kwisampuli.
02. Ukuhlolwa kokusebenza kwenkqubo
Uvavanyo lokuthamba: lubona amandla okuguquka kwetyhubhu kwicala elithe tyaba.
Uvavanyo lokutsalwa: Lulinganisa amandla okutsalwa kunye nokwandiswa kwento.
Uvavanyo lwempembelelo: Vavanya ukuqina kunye nokumelana kwempembelelo kwezinto.
Uvavanyo lokutsha: vavanya ukumelana kombhobho nokuguquguquka ngexesha lokwandiswa.
Uvavanyo lokuqina: Linganisa ixabiso lokuqina kwento ethile.
Uvavanyo lweMetallographic: jonga ulwakhiwo lwe-microstructure kunye notshintsho lwesigaba sezinto.
Uvavanyo lokugoba: Vavanya ukuguquguquka kunye nokungasebenzi kakuhle kwetyhubhu ngexesha lokugoba.
Uvavanyo olungonakalisiyo: kubandakanya uvavanyo lwangoku lwe-eddy, uvavanyo lwe-X-ray kunye novavanyo lwe-ultrasonic ukuze kufunyanwe iziphene kunye neziphene ngaphakathi kwityhubhu.
03. Uhlalutyo lwekhemikhali
Uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali lwesakhiwo seekhemikhali zezinto ezisetyenziswa kumbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo we-304 lunokwenziwa ngohlalutyo lwe-spectral, uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali, uhlalutyo lwe-energy spectrum kunye nezinye iindlela.
Phakathi kwazo, uhlobo kunye nomxholo wezinto ezikwizinto zinokumiselwa ngokulinganisa i-spectrum yezinto. Kukwanokwenzeka ukumisela uhlobo kunye nomxholo wezinto ngokunyibilikisa izinto ngeekhemikhali, i-redox, njl.njl., uze emva koko uhlalutye nge-titration okanye nge-instrumental analysis. I-Energy spectroscopy yindlela ekhawulezayo nelula yokumisela uhlobo kunye nobungakanani bezinto ezikwizinto ngokuzivuselela nge-electron beam uze emva koko ufumane ii-X-rays eziphumayo okanye imitha yeempawu.
Kwipayipi yentsimbi engenamthungo ye-304, ukwakheka kwayo kweekhemikhali kufuneka kuhlangabezane neemfuno ezisemgangathweni, ezifana ne-GB/T 14976-2012 "ipayipi yentsimbi engenamthungo engenamthungo yokuthutha ulwelo" yaseTshayina, echaza izalathisi ezahlukeneyo zokwakheka kweekhemikhali zepayipi yentsimbi engenamthungo ye-304, efana nekhabhoni, isilicon, i-manganese, i-phosphorus, i-sulfur, i-chromium, i-nickel, i-molybdenum, i-nitrogen kunye nezinye izinto. Xa kusenziwa uhlalutyo lweekhemikhali, le migangatho okanye iikhowudi kufuneka zisetyenziswe njengesiseko sokuqinisekisa ukuba ukwakheka kweekhemikhali kwezinto kuyahlangabezana neemfuno.
Intsimbi (Fe): Umda
Ikhabhoni (C): ≤ 0.08% (umxholo wekhabhoni oyi-304L≤ 0.03%)
I-Silicon(Si): ≤ 1.00%
IManganese (Mn): ≤ 2.00%
I-Phosphorus（P）：≤ 0.045%
I-Sulfur (S): ≤ 0.030%
I-Chromium (Cr): 18.00% - 20.00%
I-Nickel(Ni):8.00% - 10.50%
La maxabiso angaphakathi koluhlu olufunekayo ngokwemigangatho eqhelekileyo, kwaye ukwakheka kweekhemikhali ezithile kunokulungiswa ngokwemigangatho eyahlukeneyo (umz. i-ASTM, i-GB, njl.njl.) kunye neemfuno zemveliso ezithile zomenzi.
04. Uvavanyo lweBarometric kunye ne-hydrostatic
Uvavanyo loxinzelelo lwamanzi kunye novavanyo loxinzelelo lomoya lwe-304umbhobho wentsimbi engenamthungo engenasicizisetyenziselwa ukuvavanya ukumelana noxinzelelo kunye nokuxinana komoya kombhobho.
Uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic:
Lungisa isampuli: Khetha isampuli efanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubude kunye nobubanzi besampuli buyahlangabezana neemfuno zovavanyo.
Qhagamshela isampuli: Qhagamshela isampuli kumatshini wokuvavanya i-hydrostatic ukuqinisekisa ukuba uqhagamshelo luvalwe kakuhle.
Qalisa uvavanyo: Faka amanzi ngoxinzelelo oluthile kwisampuli uze uyibambe ixesha elithile. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, uxinzelelo lovavanyo yi-2.45Mpa, kwaye ixesha lokubamba alinakuba ngaphantsi kwemizuzwana emihlanu.
Jonga ukuvuza: Jonga isampuli ukuze ubone ukuvuza okanye ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga ngexesha lovavanyo.
Bhala phantsi iziphumo: Bhala phantsi uxinzelelo kunye neziphumo zovavanyo, uze uhlalutye iziphumo.
Uvavanyo lweBarometric:
Lungisa isampuli: Khetha isampuli efanelekileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubude kunye nobubanzi besampuli buyahlangabezana neemfuno zovavanyo.
Qhagamshela isampuli: Qhagamshela isampuli kumatshini wokuvavanya uxinzelelo lomoya ukuqinisekisa ukuba inxalenye yoqhagamshelo ivalwe kakuhle.
Qalisa uvavanyo: Faka umoya kwisampuli ngoxinzelelo oluthile uze uyibambe ixesha elithile. Ngokwesiqhelo, uxinzelelo lovavanyo yi-0.5Mpa, kwaye ixesha lokubamba linokulungiswa njengoko kufuneka.
Jonga ukuvuza: Jonga isampuli ukuze ubone ukuvuza okanye ezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga ngexesha lovavanyo.
Bhala phantsi iziphumo: Bhala phantsi uxinzelelo kunye neziphumo zovavanyo, uze uhlalutye iziphumo.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba uvavanyo kufuneka lwenziwe kwindawo efanelekileyo kwaye iimeko, ezinje ngobushushu, ukufuma kunye nezinye iiparameter kufuneka zihlangabezane neemfuno zovavanyo. Kwangaxeshanye, kuyimfuneko ukuqaphela ukhuseleko xa usenza uvavanyo ukuze kuthintelwe iimeko ezingalindelekanga ngexesha lovavanyo.
Ixesha lokuthumela: Julayi-26-2023