* KE KĀLĀ ʻANA
ʻO ka paipu galvanized wela-ʻūlū ka mea e hana ai i ka metala hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka matrix hao e hana i kahi papa alloy, a laila e hoʻohui i ka matrix a me ka uhi. ʻO ka galvanizing wela-ʻūlū mua ka waikawa holoi i ka paipu kila e wehe i ka hao oxide ma luna o ka ʻili o ka paipu kila. Ma hope o ka holoi ʻana i ka waikawa, hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i loko o kahi pahu me ka ammonium chloride a i ʻole ka zinc chloride aqueous solution a i ʻole ka hui ʻana o ka ammonium chloride a me ka zinc chloride aqueous solution, a laila hoʻouna ʻia i ka ʻauʻau galvanizing wela-ʻūlū.
Loaʻa i ka galvanizing wela-dip nā pono o ka uhi like ʻana, ka hoʻopili ikaika, ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi i ka pala, a me ke ola lawelawe lōʻihi. ʻOi aku ka ʻike ʻia o ka hana o ka galvanizing wela-dip, ʻoiai i nā wahi ʻino, e like me ka pulu, ka ua, ka ua waikawa, ka pīpī paʻakai a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe. Hana ka substrate kila a me ka hopena plating hoʻoheheʻe i nā hopena kino a me nā kemika paʻakikī e hana i kahi papa zinc-iron alloy pale corrosion me kahi ʻano paʻa. Hoʻohui pū ʻia ka papa alloy, ka papa zinc maʻemaʻe, a me ke substrate kila. No laila, he kūpaʻa ikaika kona.
1. ʻO ke ʻano like o ka uhi ʻana: ʻAʻole e ʻulaʻula ka hāpana paipu kila (kala keleawe) ma hope o ka hoʻokomo ʻia ʻana i loko o ka hopena keleawe sulfate no 5 mau manawa i ka lālani.
2. ʻAno o ka ʻili: Pono ka ʻili o ka paipu kila galvanized e loaʻa kahi papa galvanized piha, a ʻaʻohe wahi ʻeleʻele a me nā pehu i uhi ʻole ʻia. ʻAe ʻia ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi ʻili ʻino iki a me nā nodules zinc kūloko.
| He aha ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka galvanized hot dip a me ka pre-galvanized? | |||||||
| Paipu kila Galvanized i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai wela | Paipu kila Galvanized mua | ||||||
| Mānoanoa o ka Paipu Kila | 1.0mm a ʻoi aku | 0.8mm a i 2.2mm | |||||
| Uhi ʻana o ka zinc | ʻawelika 200g/m2 a i 500g/m2 (30um a i 70um) | ʻawelika 30g/m2 a i 100g/m2 (5 a 15 microns) | |||||
| Pōmaikaʻi | ʻo ka uhi ʻana like, ka hoʻopili ikaika, ka sila maikaʻi, a me ke ola lōʻihi | ʻili laumania, waihoʻoluʻu ʻālohilohi, a me ka uhi lahilahi | |||||
| Hoʻohana | hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka halihali wai haʻahaʻa no ka wai, ka wai ʻauʻau, ke kinoea, ka ea, ka mahu hoʻomehana, ke kūkulu ʻana o ke kūlanakauhale, ka petrochemical, ke kūkulu moku a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe. | ʻenekinia kūkulu, hana lako hale a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. | |||||
* PENA ʻANA
ʻO ka paipu kila i pena ʻia, ʻo ia ke pīpī ʻana i nā uhi kala like ʻole ma luna o ka ʻili o ka paipu kila i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala a me ka nani o ka paipu. ʻO nā paipu kila i pena ʻia, ʻo ia hoʻi nā paipu kila i uhi ʻia i ka pīpī a me nā paipu kila i pena ʻia.
ʻO ka paipu kila i uhi ʻia i ka ʻakika mua ʻia, galvanized a phosphated, a laila pīpī ʻia me ka electrostatic. ʻO nā pono o kēia ʻano hana he pipili ikaika o ka uhi, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke ʻili, hana pale maikaʻi, nā kala ʻālohilohi a nani; ʻo ka hemahema, he kiʻekiʻe ke kumukūʻai, a pono nā lako pīpī kūikawā a me nā limahana akamai loa e hana.
ʻO ka paipu kila i pena ʻia, ua pīpī pololei ʻia me nā uhi kala like ʻole ma luna o ka ʻili o ka paipu kila me ka ʻole o ka holoi ʻakika, galvanized a i ʻole phosphating, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ke kūpaʻa ʻana i ka pala a me ka nani o ka paipu. ʻO nā pono o kēia ʻano hana he haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai a me ka hana maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi; ʻo nā hemahema he palupalu ka hoʻopili ʻana, paʻakikī ke hoʻokō i ka hopena kūpaʻa pala lōʻihi, a me ke kala monotonous.
I ka wā e hoʻohana ai i nā paipu kila i pena ʻia, pono e koho i ke ʻano pena kūpono, ke kala a me ka mānoanoa e like me nā kūlana kikoʻī o ka hoʻohana a me nā koi. I ka manawa like, pono e hōʻoia ʻia ua maloʻo, maʻemaʻe a laumania ka ʻili o ka paipu kila e hōʻoia i ka hopena pipili o ka uhi a me ke ola lawelawe.
Paipu kila i uhi ʻia me ka pīpī
Paipu kila i pena ʻia
* 3PE FBE
ʻO 3PE (3-Layer Polyethylene) a me FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy) ʻelua ʻano o nā uhi i hoʻopili ʻia i nā paipu a me nā pipeline i loko o ka ʻoihana aila a me ke kinoea e hoʻolohi a pale paha i ka pala.
He ʻekolu papa uhi ʻo 3PE i hoʻokumu ʻia me kahi primer epoxy, kahi mea hoʻopili copolymer, a me kahi topcoat polyethylene. Hāʻawi ka primer epoxy i kahi ʻili hoʻopili maikaʻi no ka mea hoʻopili copolymer, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea e hāʻawi i kahi ʻili hoʻopili no ka topcoat polyethylene. Hana pū nā papa ʻekolu e pale i ka paipu mai ka pala, ka ʻūlū ʻana, a me ka pōʻino o ka hopena.
ʻO FBE, ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, he ʻōnaehana uhi ʻelua papa i loaʻa kahi kumu resin epoxy i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka particulate a me kahi topcoat he polyamide. Hāʻawi ka epoxy i hoʻopiha ʻia me ka particulate i ka hoʻopili maikaʻi loa i nā ʻili metala, ʻoiai hāʻawi ka topcoat i ke kūpaʻa kemika maikaʻi loa a me ke kūpaʻa abrasion. Hoʻohana ʻia nā uhi FBE i nā ʻano hana like ʻole, mai nā paipu aila a me ke kinoea a hiki i nā ʻōnaehana wai a me ka wai hoʻoneoneo.
He kūpono nā uhi ʻana o 3PE a me FBE i ka pale ʻana i nā paipu a me nā paipu mai ka pala, ma muli o nā koi noi kikoʻī. ʻO ke koho ma waena o nā mea ʻelua e hoʻokele pinepine ʻia e nā mea e like me ke ʻano o ka paipu, nā kūlana hana, a me ke kumukūʻai.
| 3PE vs FBE | |||||||
| Ikaika Hoʻopili | Hāʻawi ka uhi ʻana o 3PE i ka ikaika hoʻopili kiʻekiʻe ma mua o FBE, ʻoiai ke kōkua nei ka copolymer adhesive i loko o 3PE i ka hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻana ma waena o nā papa epoxy primer a me nā papa polyethylene topcoat. | ||||||
| Hopena a me ka Abrasion | Hāʻawi ka polyethylene topcoat i loko o ke kapa 3PE i ke kūpaʻa maikaʻi aʻe i ka hopena a me ka abrasion i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me FBE. | ||||||
| Hoʻohana | ʻOi aku ka makemake ʻia o nā uhi FBE i nā paipu kahi i kiʻekiʻe ai ka mahana hana no ka mea hiki iā lākou ke kū i nā mahana kiʻekiʻe ma mua o nā uhi 3PE. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, makemake ʻia nā uhi 3PE i nā noi kahi i hōʻike ʻia ai ka paipu i ka lepo a me ka wai, no ka mea hāʻawi ia i ka palekana maikaʻi aʻe i ka pala a me ka ʻōpala. | ||||||
*Ka ʻaila ʻana
ʻO ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka ʻaila i ka ʻili waho o ka paipu kila he ʻano ia e hāʻawi ai i ka pale ʻana i ka pala a me ka pale ʻana i ka paipu kila. Hiki i ka ʻaila ʻana ke hoʻolohi i ka pilina ma waena o ka paipu kila a me ke kaiapuni o waho, a pale i ka paipu kila mai ka hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka oxidation, ka pala, ka ʻaʻahu ʻana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
*Stencil a Sila paha
Sila
Stencil
*Kuʻi ʻana
E hoʻohana i ka mīkini kuʻi mechanical e kaomi i ka punch me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka punching die. E mālama i ke kaomi paʻa a hiki i ka wā e komo ai ka punch i loko o ka paia paipu kila, e hana ana i kahi lua maʻemaʻe a pololei.
He nui nā ʻano hana o ke kaʻina hana ʻeli paipu kila, me kēia mau mea akā ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia:
1. Hoʻohui ʻana i nā paipu kila: ʻO ka ʻeli ʻana kekahi o nā ʻano hana maʻamau no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā paipu kila. Ma o ke kaʻina hana ʻeli ʻana i nā paipu kila, hiki ke wehe ʻia nā lua ma ka paipu kila, i hiki ai ke hoʻokomo ʻia nā bolts a me nā nati ma nā hono a me nā flanges, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka hoʻohui ʻana.
2. Hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā paipu kila: He hana maʻamau nō hoʻi ia e hoʻopaʻa i nā paipu kila i nā paia a i ʻole nā ʻili ʻē aʻe ma o ke kaʻina hana ʻeli paipu kila.
Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pale kila solar panel bracke
Ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea alaloa
*Ke kaula ʻana
ʻO NPT (National Pipe Thread) a me BSPT (British Standard Pipe Thread) ʻelua mau kūlana paipu maʻamau.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā kaula NPT ma ʻAmelika ʻĀkau a ʻoi aku ka hoʻohana ʻia o nā kaula BSPT ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAsia.
Loaʻa i nā kūlana ʻelua nā kaula i hoʻopaʻa ʻia e hana i kahi sila paʻa ke hoʻopaʻa pū ʻia. Hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka wai, ke kinoea, ka ʻaila a me nā pilina paipu ʻē aʻe.
2. Hoʻopaʻa ʻana i nā paipu kila: He hana maʻamau nō hoʻi ia e hoʻopaʻa i nā paipu kila i nā paia a i ʻole nā ʻili ʻē aʻe ma o ke kaʻina hana ʻeli paipu kila.
*ʻAuwai
ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o Roll Groove kahi ʻano kaulana no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā paipu pale ahi no ka mea he nui nā pono. Eia kekahi o nā pono nui:
1. Hoʻonohonoho kūpono a wikiwiki hoʻi: ʻO ka pilina Roll Groove e ʻae i ka hoʻonohonoho wikiwiki a maʻalahi hoʻi o nā paipu a me nā mea hoʻopili, no ka mea, ʻaʻohe pono no ka wili ʻana a i ʻole ke kaula ʻana.
2. Ka palekana waiwai a me ke kaiapuni: ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia ʻano hoʻopili ma mua o nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe, e lilo ia i koho kaulana no nā noi he nui. He aloha kaiapuni nō hoʻi ia no ka mea e hōʻemi ana i ka ʻōpala a hoʻohana i nā kumuwaiwai liʻiliʻi.
3. Mālama i nā ʻano kumu o nā paipu: ʻAʻole hoʻopilikia ka pilina Roll Groove i nā ʻano kumu o nā paipu, e like me ko lākou ikaika, kūpaʻa, a me ke kūpaʻa i ka pala.
4. He kūpono ka mālama ʻana: Inā pono ka mālama a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana, maʻalahi ka hoʻopili ʻana o Roll Groove e wehe a hoʻololi i nā ʻāpana, me ka ʻole o ka koi ʻana i nā mea hana a me nā lako kūikawā.
| DN | Anawaena o waho | Ka laulā o ka ʻili sila ±0.76 | Ka laulā o ke awāwa ±0.76 | Anawaena lalo o ke awāwa | |
| mm | Hoʻomanawanui | ||||
| 50 | 60.3 | 15.88 | 8.74 | 57.15 | -0.38 |
| 65 | 73 | 15.88 | 8.74 | 69.09 | -0.46 |
| 65 | 76.1 | 15.88 | 8.74 | 72.26 | -0.46 |
| 80 | 88.9 | 15.88 | 8.74 | 84.94 | -0.46 |
| 100 | 114.3 | 15.88 | 8.74 | 110.08 | -0.51 |
| 125 | 141.3 | 15.88 | 8.74 | 137.63 | -0.56 |
| 150 | 165.1 | 15.88 | 8.74 | 160.78 | -0.56 |
| 150 | 168.3 | 15.88 | 8.74 | 163.96 | -0.56 |
| 200 | 219.1 | 19.05 | 11.91 | 214.4 | -0.64 |
*Ua ʻoki ʻia
ʻOi aku ke anawaena ma mua o NPS 11⁄2 [DN 40] i hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka ʻaoʻao maʻamau me nā wēlau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i kahi kihi o 30°, +5°, -0°
*Nā Wāhi Maʻemaʻe
ʻO ka ʻoki ʻana i nā wēlau ʻelua o ka paipu kila i loko o nā mokulele ma 90◦ i ke axis he koi maʻamau ia ma nā ʻoihana he nui kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā paipu. Hana pinepine ʻia kēia no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka paipu no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana a i ʻole nā ʻano pilina ʻē aʻe, a e hōʻoia i ka pālahalaha a kū pololei o nā wēlau i ke axis o ka paipu.
*Flanged
ʻO ka paipu kila flanged he ʻano paipu nona kahi flang i hoʻopili ʻia i kekahi a i ʻole nā weaves ʻelua. ʻO nā flanges he mau disc poepoe me nā lua a me nā bolts i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻohui i nā paipu, nā valves, a i ʻole nā lako ʻē aʻe. Hana pinepine ʻia ka paipu kila flanged ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i kahi flang i ka hopena o kahi paipu kila.
Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā paipu kila Flanged i nā ʻoihana e like me ka hoʻolako wai, ka ʻaila a me ke kinoea, a me ka hana kemika. Makemake ʻia lākou ma mua o nā ʻano paipu ʻē aʻe no ka mea hiki ke hoʻokomo maʻalahi ʻia a he paʻa loa. Hiki i nā paipu Flanged ke kū i ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe a hiki ke wehe maʻalahi ʻia no ka mālama ʻana a i ʻole ka hoʻoponopono ʻana.
Loaʻa nā flanges ma kahi paipu kila flanged i nā ʻano a me nā nui like ʻole e kūlike me nā koi pili. ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau e komo pū me nā flanges slip-on, nā flanges ʻāʻī weld, nā flanges threaded, a me nā flanges socket weld.
I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, he koho kaulana nā paipu kila flanged no nā ʻoihana he nui no ka mea hāʻawi lākou i kahi pilina hilinaʻi a paʻa hoʻi ma waena o nā paipu a me nā lako.
*Lōʻihi ʻoki
Ua kaulana ka ʻenehana ʻoki wai no kona pololei a me ka pololei, a me kona hiki ke hana i nā ʻaoʻao laumania a ʻaʻohe ʻō.
ʻO kekahi o nā pono nui o ka ʻenehana ʻoki wai, he ʻano ʻoki anu ia, ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻaʻohe wahi i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka wela (HAZ) a puni ka ʻoki.
He mea aloha kaiapuni nō hoʻi ka ʻoki ʻana i ka wai jet, no ka mea, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopuka i nā ʻōpala weliweli a i ʻole nā mea hoʻokuʻu. Hoʻohana wale ka ʻōnaehana i ka wai a me ka mea hoʻopōʻino, a hiki ke hōʻiliʻili maʻalahi ʻia a hoʻolei ʻia me ka palekana.
*ʻŌpala a me ka lawe ʻana
ʻUhi Plastika PVC
No ka pale ʻana i nā paipu kila i ka wā e lawe ʻia ai a me ka mālama ʻana, hoʻopili pinepine ʻia lākou me ka ʻōpala plastik PVC e hāʻawi i kahi papa pale e pale ai i nā ʻōpala, nā dents, a me nā ʻano hōʻino ʻē aʻe.
Ma waho aʻe o ka pale ʻana i nā paipu kila, kōkua pū ka ʻōpala plastik PVC i ka mālama ʻana iā lākou i ka maʻemaʻe a me ka maloʻo. He mea nui loa kēia no nā paipu e hoʻohana ʻia i nā noi kahi e koʻikoʻi ai ka maʻemaʻe, e like me nā ʻōnaehana hoʻolako wai a i ʻole nā hale hana meaʻai.
*Ua hoʻopili ʻia nā pvc a pau;
*ʻO nā wēlau paipu wale nō i hoʻopili ʻia me ka pvc;
*ʻO ke kino paipu pvc wale nō i hoʻopili ʻia.
Ka Hoʻopili Lāʻau
No ka pale ʻana i nā mea kila i ka wā o ka halihali a me ka lawelawe ʻana, hiki i nā mea kūʻai ke koho i nā pahu lāʻau maʻamau, a hiki ke hoʻopilikino ʻia me nā lepili o ka mea kūʻai aku no ka ʻike maʻalahi.
ʻO ka pōmaikaʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā pahu lāʻau maʻamau me nā kākoʻo hopena, ʻo ia ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka palekana hou a hoʻemi i ka pilikia o ka hōʻino ʻana i nā huahana kila. Hoʻomaʻalahi pū lākou i ka maʻalahi o ka lawelawe ʻana a me ka lawe ʻana, no ka mea, hiki ke hoʻopaʻa ʻia nā pahu a hoʻopaʻa ʻia ma nā pallets no ka lawe ʻana ma ka ʻāina, ke kai, a i ʻole ka lewa.
Hoʻouna ʻana
ʻO ka hapa nui o nā huahana kila e lawe ʻia ma ke kai, ka ʻāina, a i ʻole ka lewa, me ka hapa nui o nā ukana e haʻalele ana mai nā awa ʻo Tianjin.
No ka halihali kai, ʻelua mau ʻano nui: ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā ipu a i ʻole ka hoʻouna nui ʻana.
ʻO ka halihali ʻāina ma ke kaʻaahi a i ʻole ke kalaka paha, ma muli o ka wahi e hele ai a me ka ʻoihana halihali i hoʻohana ʻia.
*Kākoʻo
Nā lawelawe kūʻai mua:
1. Laʻana manuahi: Lōʻihi 20cm laʻana paipu kila manuahi me nā kumukūʻai hoʻouna i uku ʻia e ka mea kūʻai aku.
2. Nā ʻōlelo paipai huahana: me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ko mākou ʻike loea o nā huahana e paipai aku iā lākou i nā mea kūʻai aku.
Nā lawelawe kūʻai waena:
1. Ka nānā ʻana i nā kauoha: e hoʻomaopopo mākou i nā mea kūʻai aku i ke kūlana hana a me ka hoʻouna ʻana o kā lākou mau kauoha ma o ka leka uila a i ʻole ke kelepona, e hōʻoiaʻiʻo ana ua maopopo iā lākou ka holomua o kā lākou mau kauoha.
2. Ke hāʻawi nei i nā kiʻi nānā a me ka hoʻouna ʻana: e hāʻawi mākou i nā kiʻi huahana ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana no nā mea kūʻai aku e hōʻoia inā hoʻokō lākou i nā koi. I ka manawa like, e hana pū mākou i nā nānā koʻikoʻi a me ka kaohi maikaʻi ma mua o ka hoʻouna ʻana e hōʻoia i ko lākou hoʻokō ʻana i kā mākou mau kūlana kiʻekiʻe.
Nā lawelawe ma hope o ke kūʻai aku:
1. E hahai ana i nā manaʻo o nā mea kūʻai ma hope o ka loaʻa ʻana o nā waiwai: mahalo mākou i nā manaʻo o nā mea kūʻai aku a e hahai mākou e hoʻomaopopo i kā lākou hoʻohana a me nā manaʻo o kā mākou huahana, i mea e hoʻomaikaʻi mau ai i ko lākou maikaʻi a me nā lawelawe.
2. Nā ʻano kumukūʻai a me ka ʻike ʻoihana: maopopo iā mākou e kū paha nā mea kūʻai aku i nā loli o ka mākeke a me nā ʻano o ka ʻoihana, no laila e hāʻawi mau mākou i ka ʻike e pili ana i ka dinamika o ka mākeke a me ka ʻoihana e kōkua i nā mea kūʻai aku e hoʻomaopopo i nā loli o ka mākeke a me ka ʻoihana i ka manawa kūpono, e hiki ai iā lākou ke hana i nā hoʻoholo ʻike a maikaʻi hoʻi.