* GALVANIZATION
Bututun galvanized mai zafi yana sa ƙarfen da aka narke ya yi aiki da matrix ɗin ƙarfe don samar da layin ƙarfe, ta haka ne zai haɗa matrix da murfin. Sinadarin galvanizing na farko yana wanke bututun ƙarfe don cire ƙarfen oxide a saman bututun ƙarfe. Bayan wanke acid, ana tsaftace shi a cikin tanki tare da maganin ammonium chloride ko maganin zinc chloride ko cakuda ammonium chloride da maganin zinc chloride, sannan a aika shi zuwa wurin wanka mai zafi.
Galvanizing mai zafi yana da fa'idodin rufewa iri ɗaya, mannewa mai ƙarfi, juriyar tsatsa, da tsawon rai. Musamman a cikin mawuyacin yanayi, kamar danshi, ruwan sama, ruwan sama mai acid, feshin gishiri da sauran muhalli, aikin galvanizing mai zafi ya fi bayyana. Substrate na ƙarfe da maganin plating mai narkewa suna fuskantar halayen jiki da sinadarai masu rikitarwa don samar da Layer na ƙarfe mai jure tsatsa tare da tsari mai tsauri. Layer na gami, Layer na zinc mai tsarki, da substrate na ƙarfe an haɗa su wuri ɗaya. Saboda haka, yana da juriyar tsatsa mai ƙarfi.
1. Daidaiton murfin: Samfurin bututun ƙarfe ba zai yi ja ba (launi mai rufi da jan ƙarfe) bayan an nutsar da shi a cikin ruwan jan ƙarfe sulfate sau 5 a jere.
2. Ingancin saman bututun ƙarfe mai kauri: Za a sami cikakken layin galvanized, kuma ba za a sami tabo baƙi da kumfa waɗanda ba a shafa ba. An yarda ya sami ɗan ƙaramin saman da ƙusoshin zinc na gida.
| Mene ne bambanci tsakanin hot dip galvanized da pre-galvanized? | |||||||
| Bututun Karfe Mai Zafi | Pre galvanized Karfe bututu | ||||||
| Kauri Bututun Karfe | 1.0mm da sama | 0.8mm zuwa 2.2mm | |||||
| Shafi na Zinc | matsakaicin 200g/m2 zuwa 500g/m2 (30um zuwa 70um) | matsakaicin 30g/m2 zuwa 100g/m2 (microns 5 zuwa 15) | |||||
| Riba | ko da mannewa mai ƙarfi, mannewa mai ƙarfi, kyakkyawan hatimi, da tsawon rai | saman da yake da santsi, launi mai haske, da kuma siririn shafi | |||||
| Amfani | Ana amfani da shi sosai a jigilar ruwa mai ƙarancin matsin lamba ga ruwa, najasa, iskar gas, tururin dumama, ginin birni, sinadarai na petrochemical, gina jiragen ruwa da sauran fannoni. | injiniyan gine-gine, kera kayan daki da sauran fannoni. | |||||
* ZANE
Bututun ƙarfe da aka fenti za a fesa shi da launuka daban-daban a saman bututun ƙarfe domin inganta juriyar tsatsa da kyawun bututun. Bututun ƙarfe da aka fenti sun haɗa da bututun ƙarfe da aka fesa da bututun ƙarfe da aka fenti.
Da farko ana wanke bututun ƙarfe mai rufi da sinadarin acid, a saka shi a cikin galvanized sannan a saka shi a cikin phosphate, sannan a fesa ta hanyar lantarki. Amfanin wannan hanyar shine mannewa mai ƙarfi a kan murfin, ba shi da sauƙin cirewa, kyakkyawan aikin kariya, launuka masu haske da kyau; rashin amfanin shine farashin yana da tsada, kuma ana buƙatar kayan feshi na musamman da ma'aikata masu ƙwarewa sosai don yin aiki.
Ana fesa bututun ƙarfe mai fenti kai tsaye da fenti mai launuka daban-daban a saman bututun ƙarfe ba tare da wankewar acid ba, galvanized ko phosphating, don inganta juriyar tsatsa da kyawun bututun. Fa'idodin wannan hanyar sune ƙarancin farashi da sauƙin sarrafawa; rashin amfanin su ne raunin mannewa, da wahalar cimma tasirin juriyar tsatsa na dogon lokaci, da kuma launi mai kama da juna.
Lokacin amfani da bututun ƙarfe da aka fenti, ya zama dole a zaɓi nau'in fenti, launi da kauri da ya dace bisa ga takamaiman sharuɗɗan amfani da buƙatu. A lokaci guda, ya kamata a tabbatar da cewa saman bututun ƙarfe ya bushe, tsabta kuma santsi don tabbatar da tasirin mannewa da tsawon lokacin aiki.
Fesa bututun ƙarfe mai rufi
Bututun ƙarfe mai fenti
* 3PE FBE
3PE (Polyethylene mai Layer 3) da FBE (Fusion Bonded Epoxy) nau'i biyu ne na rufin da ake amfani da shi a kan bututu da bututun mai a masana'antar mai da iskar gas don rage tsatsa ko hana tsatsa.
3PE wani shafi ne mai layuka uku wanda ya ƙunshi firam epoxy, manne copolymer, da kuma saman polyethylene. Firam epoxy yana samar da kyakkyawan saman haɗawa ga manne copolymer, wanda hakan ke samar da saman haɗawa ga saman polyethylene. Layuka uku suna aiki tare don kare bututun daga tsatsa, gogewa, da lalacewar tasiri.
A gefe guda kuma, FBE tsarin shafi ne mai layuka biyu wanda ya ƙunshi tushen resin epoxy mai cike da barbashi da kuma rufin da aka yi da polyamide. Epoxy mai cike da barbashi yana ba da kyakkyawan mannewa ga saman ƙarfe, yayin da rufin ke ba da kyakkyawan juriya ga sinadarai da juriya ga gogewa. Ana amfani da rufin FBE a aikace-aikace iri-iri, tun daga bututun mai da iskar gas zuwa tsarin ruwa da ruwan shara.
Dukansu rufin 3PE da FBE suna da tasiri wajen kare bututun mai da bututu daga tsatsa, ya danganta da takamaiman buƙatun aikace-aikacen. Zaɓin tsakanin su biyun yawanci yana faruwa ne ta hanyar abubuwa kamar nau'in bututun mai, yanayin aiki, da farashinsa.
| 3PE vs FBE | |||||||
| Ƙarfin Mannewa | Rufin 3PE yana ba da ƙarfin mannewa mafi girma fiye da FBE, saboda manne mai copolymer a cikin 3PE yana taimakawa wajen haɗakarwa tsakanin saman fenti na epoxy da saman fenti na polyethylene. | ||||||
| Tasiri da Ragewa | Rufin saman polyethylene da ke cikin murfin 3PE yana ba da juriya mafi kyau ga tasiri da gogewa idan aka kwatanta da FBE. | ||||||
| Amfani | Ana fifita fenti na FBE a bututun mai inda zafin aiki yake da yawa domin suna iya jure yanayin zafi mai yawa fiye da fenti na 3PE. A gefe guda kuma, ana fifita fenti na 3PE a aikace inda bututun yake fuskantar ƙasa da ruwa, domin yana ba da kariya mafi kyau daga tsatsa da tsatsa. | ||||||
*Mai mai
Shafa mai a saman bututun ƙarfe hanya ce ta samar da kariya daga tsatsa da kuma kariya ga bututun ƙarfe. Shafa mai zai iya rage hulɗar bututun ƙarfe da muhallin waje, sannan kuma ya hana bututun ƙarfe shafar iskar shaka, tsatsa, lalacewa, da sauransu.
* Stencil ko Tambari
Tambari
Stencil
* Naushe
Yi amfani da injin hudawa don shafa matsi a kan huda ta amfani da abin hudawa. A ci gaba da matsa lamba har sai huda ta ratsa bangon bututun ƙarfe, ta samar da rami mai tsabta da daidaito.
Tsarin haƙa bututun ƙarfe yana da aikace-aikace iri-iri, gami da amma ba'a iyakance ga waɗannan ba:
1. Haɗa bututun ƙarfe: Haƙa rami yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin da aka fi amfani da su wajen haɗa bututun ƙarfe. Ta hanyar haƙa bututun ƙarfe, ana iya buɗe ramuka a kan bututun ƙarfe, ta yadda za a iya sanya ƙusoshi da goro a kan haɗin gwiwa da flanges, don cimma manufar haɗawa.
2. Gyaran bututun ƙarfe: Haka kuma aikace-aikace ne na gama gari don gyara bututun ƙarfe a bango ko wasu saman ta hanyar haƙa bututun ƙarfe.
Amfani a cikin tsarin karfen katako mai hasken rana
Amfani da kayan a cikin babbar hanya
*Zaren zare
NPT (National Pipe Thread) da BSPT (British Standard Pipe Thread) su ne ƙa'idodi guda biyu da aka saba amfani da su wajen haɗa zaren bututu.
Ana amfani da zaren NPT sosai a Arewacin Amurka kuma ana amfani da zaren BSPT a Turai da Asiya.
Duk waɗannan ƙa'idodi suna da zare masu kauri waɗanda ke haifar da matsewa mai ƙarfi idan aka matse su tare. Ana amfani da su sosai a cikin haɗin ruwa, iskar gas, mai da sauran bututun mai.
2. Gyaran bututun ƙarfe: Haka kuma aikace-aikace ne na gama gari don gyara bututun ƙarfe a bango ko wasu saman ta hanyar haƙa bututun ƙarfe.
* An lankwasa
Haɗin Groove na Roll Groove wata hanya ce da aka fi amfani da ita wajen haɗa bututun kariya daga gobara domin tana da fa'idodi da yawa. Ga wasu daga cikin manyan fa'idodi:
1. Shigarwa mai sauƙi da sauri: Haɗin Roll Groove yana ba da damar shigar da bututu da kayan aiki cikin sauri da sauƙi, saboda babu buƙatar walda ko zare.
2. Kare muhalli da tattalin arziki: Wannan hanyar haɗi ta fi sauran hanyoyi inganci, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama zaɓi mai shahara ga aikace-aikace da yawa. Haka kuma tana da kyau ga muhalli domin tana rage ɓarna kuma tana amfani da ƙarancin albarkatu.
3. Yana kiyaye halayen asali na bututun: Haɗin Groove na Roll ba ya shafar halayen asali na bututun, kamar ƙarfinsu, juriyarsu, da juriyarsu ga tsatsa.
4. Kulawa yana da sauƙi: Idan ana buƙatar gyara da gyara, haɗin Roll Groove yana sauƙaƙa wargazawa da maye gurbin sassan, ba tare da buƙatar kayan aiki ko kayan aiki na musamman ba.
| DN | Diamita na Waje | Faɗin Saman Rufewa ±0.76 | Faɗin Layin ±0.76 | Diamita na Ƙasan Layin | |
| mm | Haƙuri | ||||
| 50 | 60.3 | 15.88 | 8.74 | 57.15 | -0.38 |
| 65 | 73 | 15.88 | 8.74 | 69.09 | -0.46 |
| 65 | 76.1 | 15.88 | 8.74 | 72.26 | -0.46 |
| 80 | 88.9 | 15.88 | 8.74 | 84.94 | -0.46 |
| 100 | 114.3 | 15.88 | 8.74 | 110.08 | -0.51 |
| 125 | 141.3 | 15.88 | 8.74 | 137.63 | -0.56 |
| 150 | 165.1 | 15.88 | 8.74 | 160.78 | -0.56 |
| 150 | 168.3 | 15.88 | 8.74 | 163.96 | -0.56 |
| 200 | 219.1 | 19.05 | 11.91 | 214.4 | -0.64 |
* An sassaka
Diamita ya fi NPS girma 11⁄2 [DN 40] mai siffar fili mai siffar beveled tare da ƙarshen da aka yanke zuwa kusurwar 30°, +5°, -0°
* Ƙarshen da ba a taɓa gani ba
Yanke ƙarshen bututun ƙarfe guda biyu zuwa jiragen sama a kusurwar 90◦ zuwa ga axis abu ne da aka saba buƙata a masana'antu da yawa inda ake amfani da bututun. Ana yin hakan ne yawanci don shirya bututun don walda ko wasu nau'ikan haɗi, da kuma tabbatar da cewa ƙarshen ya yi daidai kuma ya daidaita da axis ɗin bututun.
* An yi masa fenti
Bututun ƙarfe mai lanƙwasa nau'in bututu ne wanda ke da lanƙwasa a haɗe da ɗaya ko duka ƙarshen. Lanƙwasa faifan faifai ne mai zagaye tare da ramuka da ƙusoshi waɗanda ake amfani da su don haɗa bututu, bawuloli, ko wasu kayan aiki. Yawanci ana yin bututun ƙarfe mai lanƙwasa ta hanyar haɗa lanƙwasa zuwa ƙarshen bututun ƙarfe.
Ana amfani da bututun ƙarfe masu lanƙwasa a masana'antu kamar samar da ruwa, mai da iskar gas, da sarrafa sinadarai. Ana fifita su fiye da sauran nau'ikan bututu domin ana iya shigar da su cikin sauƙi kuma suna da ƙarfi sosai. Bututun da aka lanƙwasa na iya jure matsin lamba mai yawa kuma ana iya wargaza su cikin sauƙi don gyara ko gyara.
Flanges ɗin da ke kan bututun ƙarfe mai lanƙwasa suna zuwa da siffofi da girma dabam-dabam don dacewa da buƙatun haɗin kai. Nau'ikan da aka fi sani sun haɗa da flanges masu zamewa, flanges ɗin wuyan walda, flanges ɗin zare, da flanges ɗin walda na soket.
A taƙaice, bututun ƙarfe masu lanƙwasa suna da shahara a masana'antu da yawa saboda suna samar da haɗin gwiwa mai aminci da dorewa tsakanin bututu da kayan aiki.
*Tsawon Yankewa
Fasahar yanke ruwa ta shahara saboda daidaito da daidaitonta, da kuma iyawarta ta samar da gefuna masu santsi, marasa burr.
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan fa'idodin fasahar yanke ruwa shine cewa hanyar yanke ruwa ce ta sanyi, ma'ana babu yankin da zafi ke shafar (HAZ) a kusa da yankewar.
Yankewar ruwa yana da kyau ga muhalli, domin ba ya haifar da wani shara ko hayaki mai haɗari. Tsarin yana amfani da ruwa da gogewa kawai, kuma ana iya tattara sharar cikin sauƙi a zubar da ita lafiya.
*Marufi da Isarwa
Marufi na PVC na filastik
Domin kare bututun ƙarfe yayin jigilar kaya da ajiya, galibi ana naɗe su da marufin filastik na PVC don samar da wani Layer na kariya wanda ke hana karce, ɓarna, da sauran nau'ikan lalacewa.
Baya ga kare bututun ƙarfe, marufin filastik na PVC yana taimakawa wajen tsaftace su da bushewa. Wannan yana da mahimmanci musamman ga bututun da za a yi amfani da su a aikace-aikacen da tsafta ke da mahimmanci, kamar a tsarin samar da ruwa ko masana'antar sarrafa abinci.
* Duk kayan da aka saka a cikin PVC;
*Kawai ƙarshen bututun PVC ne aka shirya;
* An shirya kayan aikin PVC na bututu kawai.
Katako shiryawa
Domin kare kayan aikin ƙarfe yayin jigilar kaya da sarrafawa, abokan ciniki za su iya zaɓar akwatunan katako na musamman, kuma ana iya keɓance su da lakabin abokin ciniki don sauƙin ganewa.
Amfanin amfani da akwatunan katako na musamman tare da tallafi na ƙarshe shine suna ba da ƙarin kariya da rage haɗarin lalacewar kayayyakin ƙarfe. Hakanan suna sauƙaƙa sauƙin sarrafawa da jigilar su, saboda ana iya tattara akwatunan a kan fale-falen don jigilar su ta ƙasa, teku, ko iska.
jigilar kaya
Yawancin kayayyakin ƙarfe ana jigilar su ne ta hanyar teku, ƙasa, ko ta jirgin sama, inda yawancin kayayyakin da ake jigilar su daga tashoshin jiragen ruwa na Tianjin.
Don jigilar kaya ta teku, akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu: jigilar kwantena ko jigilar kaya mai yawa.
Sufurin ƙasa yawanci ana yin sa ne ta hanyar jirgin ƙasa ko kuma babbar mota, ya danganta da inda ake zuwa da kuma kamfanin sufuri da ake amfani da shi.
*Taimako
Ayyukan kafin sayarwa:
1. Samfurin kyauta: Tsawon samfurin bututun ƙarfe mai tsawon santimita 20 kyauta tare da kuɗin isarwa da abokin ciniki ya biya.
2. Shawarwari kan samfura: amfani da iliminmu na ƙwararru game da samfura don ba da shawarar su ga abokan ciniki.
Ayyukan matsakaici-sayarwa:
1. Bin diddigin oda: za mu sanar da abokan ciniki game da yanayin samarwa da jigilar oda ta imel ko waya, tare da tabbatar da cewa sun fahimci ci gaban oda.
2. Bayar da hotunan dubawa da jigilar kaya: za mu ba da hotunan samfura kafin jigilar kaya ga abokan ciniki don tabbatar da ko sun cika buƙatunsu. A lokaci guda, za mu kuma gudanar da bincike mai tsauri da kuma kula da inganci kafin jigilar kaya don tabbatar da cewa sun cika ƙa'idodinmu masu inganci.
Ayyukan bayan-tallace-tallace:
1. Bin diddigin ra'ayoyin abokan ciniki bayan karɓar kayan: muna daraja ra'ayoyin abokan ciniki kuma za mu bi diddigin su don fahimtar amfani da ra'ayoyinsu ga samfuranmu, domin ci gaba da inganta inganci da ayyukansu.
2. Yanayin farashi da bayanai game da masana'antu: mun fahimci cewa abokan ciniki na iya fuskantar canje-canjen kasuwa da yanayin masana'antu, don haka za mu riƙa ba da bayanai akai-akai game da yanayin kasuwa da masana'antu don taimaka wa abokan ciniki su fahimci canje-canjen kasuwa da masana'antu a kan lokaci, wanda hakan zai ba su damar yanke shawara mai kyau da kuma amfani.