Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo cha kaboni sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokhudzana mwachindunji, chomwe ndi mfundo yofunika kwambiri pa sayansi ya zinthu ndi uinjiniya. Makamaka chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa "galvanic corrosion", yomwe imadziwikanso kuti "galvanic corrosion" kapena "heterogeneous metal corrosion". Izi zili ngati chidutswa cha chitsulo cha kaboni chomwe chimadzipereka chokha kuti chiteteze chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsulo cha kaboni chizime mwachangu.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sichingagwirizane ndi maziko a chitsulo cha kaboni chifukwa: galvanic corrosion
1. Kusiyana komwe kungatheke ndi mphamvu yoyendetsera
Zitsulo zosiyanasiyana zimakhala ndi zochita zosiyanasiyana zamagetsi m'ma electrolyte (monga madzi, mpweya wonyowa, ma acid, maziko, mchere, ndi zina zotero), zomwe zingamveke ngati madigiri osiyanasiyana a kutayika kwa ma electron. Kusiyana kumeneku kwa ntchito kumayesedwa ndi mphamvu ya ma electrode.
Zitsulo zogwira ntchito, monga chitsulo cha kaboni, zimakhala ndi mphamvu zochepa za ma electrode ndipo zimakhala zosavuta kutaya ma electron, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zisawonongeke ndi dzimbiri.
Zitsulo zosagwira ntchito (monga chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri) zili ndi mphamvu zambiri za ma electrode ndipo sizingathe kutaya ma electron. Chifukwa chomwe chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chilili "chopanda dzimbiri" ndichakuti chromium yomwe ili pamwamba pake imapanga filimu yolimba ya chromium oxide passivation, yomwe imaletsa dzimbiri kuti lisapitirire.
Zitsulo ziwirizi zikakhudzana mwachindunji ndi electrolyte, circuit yonse ya batri imapangidwa.
2. Njira yowononga
Anode (mapeto okhudzidwa ndi dzimbiri): Chitsulo cha kaboni, monga chitsulo chogwira ntchito, chimakhala anode ya batri. Chimasungunuka mwachangu (chimasungunuka) ndikutulutsa ma elekitironi. Yankho lake ndi: Fe → Fe ² ⁺+2e ⁻
Cathode (mapeto otetezedwa): Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri, monga chitsulo chosagwira ntchito, chimakhala cathode ya batri. Sichimawononga, koma chimangolandira ma elekitironi omwe akuyenda kuchokera ku anode ndipo chimagwiritsa ntchito ma elekitironi awa kuti achitepo kanthu ndi ma electrolyte (monga mpweya m'madzi). Yankho lake ndi: O ₂+2H ₂ O+4e ⁻ → 4OH ⁻
Zotsatira: Mu dongosolo la batri ili, mphamvu yamagetsi imayenda kuchokera ku chitsulo cha kaboni (anode) kupita ku chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri (cathode), zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsulo cha kaboni chiwonjezeke kwambiri, pomwe chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri chimatetezedwa ndi "chitetezo cha cathodic" ndipo sichimawola kwambiri.
Fanizo lomveka bwino:
Zili ngati kukhala ndi "munthu woona mtima" (chitsulo cha kaboni) ndi "munthu wanzeru" (chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri) ogwirizana kuti achite bizinesi. Akakumana ndi mavuto (malo owononga), anthu oona mtima nthawi zonse amasiya zofuna zawo (kuwonongeka) kuti atsimikizire kuti anthu anzeru sakuvulazidwa.
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri sichingagwirizane ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhudza chitsulo cha kaboni
Kuopsa kwa dzimbiri la galvanic kumadalira zinthu zotsatirazi:
Malo (electrolyte):Ichi ndiye chinthu chofunikira kwambiri. Mu mpweya wouma, dzimbiri la galvanic silimachitika chifukwa palibe electrolyte yomwe imapanga dera. Koma m'malo okhala ndi chinyezi, m'madzi a m'nyanja, m'malo opangira mafakitale, komanso m'malo okhala ndi mchere, dzimbiri limatha kukhala lofulumira komanso loopsa.
Kusiyana komwe kungatheke:Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa zitsulo ziwiri, mphamvu yoyendetsera dzimbiri imakhala yolimba. Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa chitsulo cha kaboni ndi chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri kumakhala kwakukulu mokwanira kuti kungayambitse dzimbiri lalikulu.
Chiŵerengero cha anode ndi dera la cathode:Iyi ndi imodzi mwazochitika zoopsa kwambiri. Ngati dera la cathode (chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri) ndi lalikulu ndipo dera la anode (chitsulo cha kaboni) ndi laling'ono, mphamvu ya dzimbiri imakhala yolimba kwambiri pa chitsulo chaching'ono cha kaboni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chizimiririke ndi kubowoka kwathunthu pakapita nthawi yochepa kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ngati thanki yachitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ikhazikika ndi boluti yachitsulo cha kaboni, boluti yachitsulo cha kaboni idzachita dzimbiri ndi kusweka mwachangu.
Kodi mungapewe bwanji ndikuthetsa kusagwirizana kwa chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo cha kaboni?
Pa ntchito zenizeni, nthawi zambiri timafunika kulumikiza chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo cha kaboni pamodzi, ndipo njira zodzipatula ziyenera kutengedwa:
1. Kuteteza magetsi:Iyi ndi njira yothandiza kwambiri komanso yogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Onjezani zinthu zotetezera kutentha zosagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pakati pa zitsulo ziwiri kuti muchepetse mphamvu yamagetsi.
- Gwiritsani ntchito ma gasket/ma washer oteteza kutentha: Gwiritsani ntchito pulasitiki (monga PVC, nayiloni), rabala, kapena ma gasket opangidwa ndi zinthu zopangidwa ndi flange.
- Gwiritsani ntchito ma bushing ndi ma washer otetezedwa: Mu ma bolt connections, gwiritsani ntchito ma bushing apulasitiki pakati pa ma bolts ndi mabowo a carbon steel, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito ma washer otetezedwa pansi pa mtedza.
- Chophimba chodzipatula: Thirani utomoni wa epoxy, penti kapena gwiritsani ntchito zokutira zina pamalo olumikizirana. Nthawi zambiri amalimbikitsidwa kupaka zonse ziwiri, kapena osachepera kupaka pamwamba pa cathode (chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri), chifukwa ngati anode (chitsulo cha kaboni) yokha yaphimbidwa, chophimbacho chikawonongeka, dzimbiri pamalo owonongekawo lidzakhala lalikulu kwambiri.
2. Malo olamulira:Sungani ziwalo zolumikizira zili zouma komanso zoyera momwe mungathere kuti mupewe kusonkhanitsa ma electrolyte.
3. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zosinthira:kuwonjezera chitsulo chokhala ndi mphamvu ya electrode pakati pa zitsulo ziwiri (monga aluminiyamu), koma njira iyi sigwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri ndipo imafuna kapangidwe kosamala.
4. Chitetezo cha Cathodic:Kapangidwe konseko kamasinthidwa kukhala cathode mwa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu yakunja kapena kusiya anode (monga zinc block), koma izi nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinyumba zazikulu monga zombo ndi mapaipi.
Mapeto
Chitsulo chosapanga dzimbiri ndi chitsulo cha kaboni sizingagwirizane mwachindunji chifukwa zimatha kupanga mabatire oyambira m'malo onyowa a electrolyte, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti chitsulo cha kaboni chizizire mwachangu ngati anode. Pofuna kupewa izi, njira zodzitetezera zamagetsi ziyenera kutengedwa popanga ndi kukhazikitsa, monga kugwiritsa ntchito ma gaskets oteteza, ma bushings, ndi zokutira, kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo ndi moyo wautali wa zidazo.
Nthawi yotumizira: Okutobala-29-2025