Simbi isina ngura nesimbi yekabhoni hazvigone kushandiswa zvakananga, inova musimboti wakakosha mune zvesainzi yezvinhu uye mainjiniya. Zvikurukuru nekuda kwekuitika kwe "galvanic corrosion", inowanzonziwo "galvanic corrosion" kana "heterogeneous metal corrosion". Izvi zvakafanana nechidimbu chesimbi yekabhoni chinozvipira kuchengetedza simbi isina ngura, zvichiita kuti simbi yekabhoni ikurumidze kuita ngura.
Simbi isina ngura haigone kuenderana nesimbi yekabhoni. Chikonzero: ngura yegalvanic
1. Musiyano ungangovapo isimba rinokuchidzira
Simbi dzakasiyana dzine mabasa akasiyana emagetsi muma electrolytes (akadai semvura, mhepo ine hunyoro, maasidhi, mabhesi, munyu, nezvimwewo), izvo zvinogona kunzwisiswa semazinga akasiyana ekurasikirwa kwema electron. Musiyano uyu mubasa unoyerwa ne electrode potential.
Simbi dzinoshanda, dzakadai sesimbi yekabhoni, dzine simba shoma remaerekitironi uye dzine mukana wekurasikirwa nemaerekitironi, zvichiita kuti dzisanyanya kukuvara.
Simbi dzisina simba (dzakadai sesimbi isingatsvi) dzine simba remagetsi rakawanda uye hadzina mukana wekurasikirwa nemaerekitironi. Chikonzero nei simbi isingatsvi "isina stainless" ndechekuti chromium iri pamusoro payo inoumba firimu rechromium oxide passivation, iro rinodzivirira ngura.
Kana simbi idzi mbiri dzakabatana zvakananga mu electrolyte, dunhu rese rebhatiri rekutanga rinoumbwa.
2. Maitiro ekuora
Anode (mugumo wakaora): Simbi yekabhoni, sesimbi inoshanda, inova anode yebhatiri. Inonyunguduka (inoora) uye inoburitsa maerekitironi. Mhinduro yacho ndeiyi: Fe → Fe ² ⁺+2e ⁻
Cathode (mugumo wakachengetedzwa): Simbi isina ngura, sesimbi isina simba, inova cathode yebhatiri. Haikanganisi, asi inogamuchira maerekitironi anoyerera kubva muanode uye inoshandisa maerekitironi aya kuti aite nemaerekitironi (akadai seokisijeni mumvura). Mhinduro yacho ndeiyi: O ₂+2H ₂ O+4e ⁻ → 4OH ⁻
Mugumisiro: Mugadziriro iyi yebhatiri, magetsi anoyerera kubva kusimbi yekabhoni (anode) kuenda kusimbi isina tsvina (cathode), zvichikonzera kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwehuwandu hwekuora kwesimbi yekabhoni, nepo simbi isina tsvina ichidzivirirwa ne "cathodic protection" uye inenge isina ngura.
Dimikira rakajeka:
Zvakafanana nekuva ne "munhu akatendeseka" (simbi yekabhoni) ne "munhu akangwara" (simbi isina ngura) vachishanda pamwe chete kuti vaite bhizinesi. Kana vakatarisana nematambudziko (nzvimbo inoparadza), vanhu vakatendeka vanogara vachisiya zvavanofarira (zvinoora) kuti vave nechokwadi chekuti vanhu vakangwara havakuvadzwi.
Simbi isina ngura haigone kuenderana nezvinhu zvinopesvedzera simbi yekabhoni
Kuoma kwe galvanic corrosion kunoenderana nezvinhu zvinotevera:
Zvakatipoteredza (electrolyte):Ichi ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha. Mumhepo yakaoma, ngura yegalvanic haiitike nekuti hapana electrolyte inoumba circuit. Asi munzvimbo dzine hunyoro, mvura yegungwa, nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri, uye nzvimbo dzinopfapfaidza munyu, ngura inogona kukurumidza uye yakanyanya.
Musiyano ungangovapo:Musiyano uripo pakati pesimbi mbiri, simba rinoita kuti ngura ishande rakasimba. Musiyano uripo pakati pesimbi yekabhoni nesimbi isingatsvi wakakura zvakakwana kuti ukwanise kukonzera ngura yakakura.
Chiyero cheanode nenzvimbo ye cathode:Iyi ndeimwe yemamiriro ezvinhu ane njodzi zvikuru. Kana nzvimbo ye cathode (stainless steel) yakakura uye nzvimbo ye anode (carbon steel) iri diki, corrosion current ichave yakanyanya kuzara pa small carbon steel, zvichiita kuti iparare zvachose uye iboorwe munguva pfupi. Semuenzaniso, kana tangi re stainless steel rakagadziriswa ne carbon steel bolt, carbon steel bolt inokurumidza kuita ngura uye kupwanyika.
Nzira yekudzivirira nekugadzirisa sei simbi isina ngura inobatana nesimbi yekabhoni?
Mukushanda kwatinoita, tinowanzo batanidza simbi isingatsvi nesimbi yekabhoni pamwe chete, uye matanho ekuparadzanisa anofanira kutorwa:
1. Kudzivirira magetsi:Iyi ndiyo nzira inoshanda uye inonyanya kushandiswa. Wedzera zvinhu zvisingadhuri zvinodzivirira simbi pakati pesimbi mbiri kuti ubvise circuit yemagetsi.
- Shandisa magasket/mawasher ekudzivirira kupisa: Shandisa mapurasitiki (akadai sePVC, nylon), rabha, kana magasket ekugadzira pakubatanidza flange.
- Shandisa mabushings newashers dzinodzivirira kupisa: Mumabhaudhi akabatana, shandisa mabushings epurasitiki pakati pemabhaudhi nemaburi esimbi yekabhoni, uye shandisa mawashers anochengetedza kupisa pasi penzungu.
- Kuputira jira rekuparadzanisa: Pfapfaidza epoxy resin, penda kana kushandisa mamwe machira pamusoro pechinhu chinobata. Kazhinji zvinokurudzirwa kuputira zvese zviri zviviri, kana kuti kuputira pamusoro pe cathode (simbi isina ngura), nekuti kana anode (simbi yekabhoni) yaputirwa chete, kana chipfeko chacho chakuvara, ngura panzvimbo yakakuvara ichave yakanyanya.
2. Nzvimbo yekudzora:Chengeta zvikamu zvekubatanidza zvakaoma uye zvakachena sezvinobvira kudzivirira kuungana kwema electrolyte.
3. Kushandisa zvinhu zvekushandura:kuwedzera simbi ine electrode potential pakati pesimbi mbiri (dzakaita searuminiyamu), asi nzira iyi hainyanyo shandiswa uye inoda dhizaini yakanyatsogadzirwa.
4. Dziviriro yeCathodic:Chimiro chose chinoshandurwa kuita cathode nekushandisa magetsi ekunze kana kubvisa anode (senge zinc block), asi izvi zvinowanzo shandiswa kune zvivakwa zvikuru zvakaita sengarava nemapaipi.
Mhedziso
Simbi isina ngura nesimbi yekabhoni hazvigone kusangana zvakananga nekuti zvinogona kugadzira mabhatiri ekutanga munzvimbo dzine hunyoro hwe electrolyte, zvichikonzera kukurumidza ngura yesimbi yekabhoni seanode. Kuti zvidzivise izvi, matanho ekudzivirira emagetsi anofanirwa kutorwa panguva yekugadzira nekuisa, senge kushandisa magaskets ekudzivirira, mabushings, uye macoatings, kuve nechokwadi chekuti michina yacho yakachengeteka uye inoshanda kwenguva refu.
Nguva yekutumira: Gumiguru-29-2025