Intsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye nentsimbi yekhabhoni azinakusetyenziswa xa kudityaniswe ngqo, nto leyo engumgaqo obalulekileyo kwisayensi yezinto kunye nokusebenza kobunjineli. Oku kungenxa yokuvela kwe-"galvanic corrosion", ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-"galvanic corrosion" okanye "heterogeneous metal corrosion". Oku kufana neqhekeza lentsimbi yekhabhoni elizincamayo ukuze likhusele intsimbi engagqwaliyo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba intsimbi yekhabhoni igqwale ngokukhawuleza.
Intsimbi engatyiwayo ayinakufanelana nentsimbi yekhabhoni engundoqo unobangela: ukugqwala kwe-galvanic
1. Umahluko onokubakho ngamandla aqhubayo
Iimetali ezahlukeneyo zinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ye-electrochemical kwi-electrolytes (ezifana namanzi, umoya ofumileyo, ii-asidi, iziseko, iityuwa, njl.njl.), ezinokuqondwa njengemilinganiselo yazo eyahlukeneyo yokulahleka kwe-electron. Lo mahluko kumsebenzi ulinganiswa nge-electrode potential.
Iintsimbi ezisabelayo, ezifana nentsimbi yekhabhoni, zine-electrode potentials ephantsi kwaye zinomngcipheko wokulahlekelwa zii-electron, nto leyo eyenza zingabi nakumelana nokugqwala.
Iintsimbi ezingasebenziyo (ezifana nentsimbi engagqwaliyo) zinamandla aphezulu e-electrode kwaye azinawo amathuba amaninzi okulahlekelwa zii-electron. Isizathu sokuba intsimbi engagqwaliyo "ingabi nasici" kukuba i-chromium kumphezulu wayo yenza ifilimu ye-chromium oxide passivation exineneyo, ethintela ukugqwala okungakumbi.
Xa ezi metali zimbini zidibana ngqo kwi-electrolyte, kwakheka isekethe epheleleyo yebhetri eyintloko.
2. Inkqubo yokugqwala
I-Anode (isiphelo esikrwada): Intsimbi yekhabhoni, njengesinyithi esisebenzayo, iba yi-anode yebhetri. Iya kunyibilika (ikrwada) kwaye ikhuphe ii-elektroni. Impendulo yile: Fe → Fe ² ⁺+2e ⁻
I-Cathode (isiphelo esikhuselekileyo): Intsimbi engagqwaliyo, njengentsimbi engagqwaliyo, iba yi-cathode yebhetri. Ayidli, kodwa ifumana kuphela ii-electron ezihamba kwi-anode kwaye isebenzisa ezi electron ukusabela kunye nee-electrolytes (ezifana neoksijini emanzini). Impendulo yile: O ₂+2H ₂ O+4e ⁻ → 4OH ⁻
Isiphumo: Kule nkqubo yebhetri, umsinga uphuma kwintsimbi yekhabhoni (anode) uye kwintsimbi engagqwali (cathode), nto leyo ebangela ukunyuka okukhulu kwesantya sokugqwala kwentsimbi yekhabhoni, ngelixa intsimbi engagqwali ikhuselwe "kukhuseleko lwe-cathodic" kwaye phantse ayigqwali.
Isafobe esicacileyo:
Kufana nokuba "nomntu othembekileyo" (intsimbi yekhabhoni) kunye "nomntu okrelekrele" (intsimbi engatyiwayo) abasebenzisana ukuze benze ishishini. Xa bejongene nobunzima (indawo egqwalisayo), abantu abathembekileyo baya kuhlala bencama izinto zabo (ukugqwala) ukuqinisekisa ukuba abantu abakrelekrele abanzakali.
Intsimbi engatyiwayo ayinakufanelana nezinto ezichaphazela intsimbi yekhabhoni
Ubunzima bokugqwala kwe-galvanic buxhomekeke kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
Okusingqongileyo (i-electrolyte):Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Kwindawo eyomileyo, ukugqwala kwe-galvanic akwenzeki kuba akukho electrolyte eyenza isekethe. Kodwa kwiindawo ezifumileyo, emanzini olwandle, kwiindawo zoshishino, nakwiindawo zokutshiza ityuwa, ukugqwala kunokuba ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye kube nzima.
Umahluko onokubakho:Okukhona umahluko omkhulu phakathi kweentsimbi ezimbini, kokukhona amandla okuqhuba ukugqwala enamandla. Umahluko onokubakho phakathi kwentsimbi yekhabhoni kunye nentsimbi engatyiwayo mkhulu ngokwaneleyo ukubangela ukugqwala okukhulu.
Umlinganiselo we-anode kwindawo ye-cathode:Le yenye yezona meko ziyingozi kakhulu. Ukuba indawo ye-cathode (intsimbi engatyiwayo) inkulu kwaye indawo ye-anode (intsimbi yekhabhoni) incinci, umsinga wokubola uya kugxila kakhulu kwintsimbi encinci yekhabhoni, nto leyo ebangela ukuba ibole ngokupheleleyo kwaye igqobhoke ngexesha elifutshane kakhulu. Umzekelo, ukuba itanki yentsimbi engatyiwayo iqiniswe nge-carbon steel bolt, i-carbon steel bolt iya kugqwala ngokukhawuleza kwaye iqhekeke.
Ungayithintela kwaye uyisombulule njani intsimbi engagqwaliyo edibene nentsimbi yekhabhoni?
Kwiindlela ezisebenzayo, sidla ngokufuna ukudibanisa intsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye nentsimbi yekhabhoni, kwaye kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okwahlula:
1. Ubushushu bombane:Le yeyona ndlela isebenzayo nesetyenziswa kakhulu. Yongeza izinto zokukhusela ubushushu ezingasebenzisi mbane phakathi kweentsimbi ezimbini ukuze unqumle isekethe yangoku.
- Sebenzisa ii-gasket/ii-washers zokukhusela ubushushu: Sebenzisa iplastiki (efana ne-PVC, i-nylon), irabha, okanye ii-gaskets ezenziweyo kwiindawo zokuqhagamshela ii-flange.
- Sebenzisa ii-bushings kunye nee-washers ezigqunyiweyo: Kwiindawo ezidityanisiweyo ngeebholiti, sebenzisa ii-bushings zeplastiki phakathi kweebholiti kunye nemingxuma yentsimbi yekhabhoni, kwaye sebenzisa ii-washers ezigqunyiweyo phantsi kweenati.
- Umaleko wokuzihlukanisa ngepeyinti: Futha i-epoxy resin, upende okanye usebenzise ezinye iipeyinti kumphezulu woqhagamshelwano. Kudla ngokucetyiswa ukuba ugqume zombini, okanye ubuncinane ugqume umphezulu we-cathode (intsimbi engagqwaliyo), kuba ukuba i-anode (intsimbi yekhabhoni) kuphela igqunyiwe, xa ipeyinti yonakele, ukugqwala kwindawo eyonakeleyo kuya kuba nzima ngakumbi.
2. Indawo yolawulo:Gcina iindawo zoqhagamshelo zomile kwaye zicocekile kangangoko ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqokelelana kwe-electrolyte.
3. Ukusebenzisa izixhobo zotshintsho:ukongeza isinyithi esine-electrode potential phakathi kweentsimbi ezimbini (ezifana ne-aluminium), kodwa le ndlela ayisetyenziswa rhoqo kwaye ifuna uyilo olucokisekileyo.
4. Ukukhuselwa kweCathodic:Lonke ulwakhiwo luguqulwa ngokwenziwa lube yi-cathode ngokusebenzisa umsinga wangaphandle okanye ngokuncama i-anode (njenge-zinc block), kodwa oku kudla ngokusetyenziselwa izakhiwo ezinkulu ezifana neenqanawa kunye nemibhobho.
Isiphelo
Intsimbi engagqwaliyo kunye nentsimbi yekhabhoni azinakudibana ngqo kuba zinokwenza iibhetri eziphambili kwiindawo ezimanzi ze-electrolyte, nto leyo ekhokelela ekuqhekekeni kwe-galvanic yentsimbi yekhabhoni njenge-anode. Ukuze kuthintelwe le meko, kufuneka kuthathwe amanyathelo okwahlula ubushushu bombane ngexesha loyilo nofakelo, njengokusebenzisa ii-gaskets zokukhusela, ii-bushings, kunye neengubo, ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nobomi benkonzo yexesha elide yesixhobo.
Ixesha leposi: Okthobha-29-2025