Insimbi engagqwali kanye nensimbi yekhabhoni azikwazi ukusetshenziswa ekuthinteni ngqo, okuyisimiso esibalulekile kwezesayensi yezinto zokwakha kanye nokusebenza kobunjiniyela. Ngokuyinhloko kungenxa yokuvela "kwe-galvanic corrosion", okubizwa nangokuthi "i-galvanic corrosion" noma "i-heterogeneous metal corrosion". Lokhu kufana nengxenye yensimbi yekhabhoni ezidelayo ukuze zivikele insimbi engagqwali, okubangela insimbi yekhabhoni ukuthi igqwale ngokushesha.
Insimbi engagqwali ayikwazi ukuhambisana ne-carbon steel core imbangela: ukugqwala kwe-galvanic
1. Umehluko ongaba khona amandla ashukumisayo
Izinsimbi ezahlukene zinemisebenzi ehlukene ye-electrochemical kuma-electrolyte (njengamanzi, umoya omanzi, ama-acid, izisekelo, usawoti, njll.), okungaqondwa njengamazinga azo ahlukahlukene okulahlekelwa ama-electron. Lo mehluko emsebenzini ulinganiswa ngamandla e-electrode.
Izinsimbi ezisebenzayo, njengensimbi yekhabhoni, zinamandla aphansi e-electrode futhi zithambekele kakhulu ekulahlekelweni ama-electron, okwenza zingamelani nokugqwala kakhulu.
Izinsimbi ezingasebenzi (njengensimbi engagqwali) zinamandla aphezulu e-electrode futhi azinawo amathuba okulahlekelwa ama-electron. Isizathu sokuthi insimbi engagqwali "ingenasici" ukuthi i-chromium ebusweni bayo yakha ifilimu yokungaguquguquki kwe-chromium oxide, evimbela ukugqwala okwengeziwe.
Uma lezi zinsimbi ezimbili zithintana ngqo ne-electrolyte, kwakheka isekethe ephelele yebhethri eyinhloko.
2. Inqubo yokugqwala
I-Anode (ukuphela okugqwalile): Insimbi yekhabhoni, njengensimbi esebenzayo, iba yi-anode yebhethri. Izoncibilika (igqwale) futhi ikhulule ama-electron. Ukusabela yilokhu: Fe → Fe ² ⁺+2e ⁻
I-Cathode (ukuphela okuvikelwe): Insimbi engagqwali, njengensimbi engagqwali, iba yi-cathode yebhethri. Ayigqwali, kodwa ithola ama-electron ageleza esuka ku-anode futhi isebenzisa lawa ma-electron ukusabela nama-electrolyte (njengomoya-mpilo emanzini). Ukusabela yilokhu: O ₂+2H ₂ O+4e ⁻ → 4OH ⁻
Umphumela: Kulolu hlelo lwebhethri, ugesi ugeleza usuka ensimbini yekhabhoni (i-anode) uye ensimbini engagqwali (i-cathode), okubangela ukwanda okukhulu kwesilinganiso sokugqwala kwensimbi yekhabhoni, kuyilapho insimbi engagqwali ivikelwe "ukuvikelwa kwe-cathodic" futhi cishe ayigqwali.
Isingathekiso esicacile:
Kufana nokuba "nomuntu othembekile" (insimbi yekhabhoni) kanye "nomuntu ohlakaniphile" (insimbi engagqwali) abambisana ukuze benze ibhizinisi. Lapho bebhekene nobunzima (indawo egqwali), abantu abathembekile bazohlala bedela izintshisekelo zabo (ukugqwala) ukuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abahlakaniphile abalimalanga.
Insimbi engagqwali ayikwazi ukuhambisana nezinto ezithinta ukhiye wensimbi yekhabhoni
Ubukhulu bokugqwala kwe-galvanic buxhomeke kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
Indawo (i-electrolyte):Lesi yisici esibaluleke kakhulu. Emoyeni owomile, ukugqwala kwe-galvanic akwenzeki ngoba akukho electrolyte eyakha isekethe. Kodwa ezindaweni ezinomswakama, emanzini olwandle, ezindaweni zezimboni, nasezindaweni zokufutha usawoti, ukugqwala kungaba ngokushesha kakhulu futhi kube kubi kakhulu.
Umehluko ongaba khona:Uma umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwezinsimbi ezimbili, kulapho amandla okushayela ukugqwala eqina khona. Umehluko ongaba khona phakathi kwensimbi yekhabhoni nensimbi engagqwali mkhulu ngokwanele ukubangela ukugqwala okukhulu.
Isilinganiso se-anode endaweni ye-cathode:Lesi ngesinye sezimo eziyingozi kakhulu. Uma indawo ye-cathode (insimbi engagqwali) inkulu futhi indawo ye-anode (insimbi yekhabhoni) incane, ugesi wokugqwala uzogxila kakhulu ensimbini encane yekhabhoni, okubangela ukuthi igqwale ngokuphelele futhi ibhobozeke esikhathini esifushane kakhulu. Isibonelo, uma ithangi lensimbi engagqwali liqiniswe ngebholidi lensimbi yekhabhoni, ibholidi lensimbi yekhabhoni lizogqwala futhi liphuke ngokushesha.
Ungayivimbela futhi uyixazulule kanjani insimbi engagqwali exhunywe nensimbi yekhabhoni?
Ezisetshenzisweni ezingokoqobo, sivame ukudinga ukuxhumanisa insimbi engagqwali nensimbi yekhabhoni ndawonye, futhi kumele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuzihlukanisa:
1. Ukushisa ngogesi:Lena yindlela ephumelela kakhulu futhi evame ukusetshenziswa. Faka izinto zokuvikela ezingangenisi ugesi phakathi kwezinsimbi ezimbili ukuze unqume isekethe yamanje.
- Sebenzisa ama-gasket/ama-washer okushisa: Sebenzisa ipulasitiki (njenge-PVC, i-nylon), irabha, noma ama-gasket okwenziwa lapho kuhlanganiswa khona i-flange.
- Sebenzisa ama-bushing nama-washer afakwe ugesi: Ezixhumeni ezifakwe ama-bolt, sebenzisa ama-bushing epulasitiki phakathi kwama-bolts nemigodi ye-carbon steel, bese usebenzisa ama-washer afakwe ugesi ngaphansi kwamantongomane.
- Isendlalelo sokuhlukanisa ukumboza: Futha i-epoxy resin, upende noma usebenzise ezinye izimbozo endaweni yokuxhumana. Ngokuvamile kunconywa ukumboza kokubili, noma okungenani ukumboza indawo ye-cathode (insimbi engagqwali), ngoba uma kuphela i-anode (insimbi yekhabhoni) imbozwe, uma isimbozo sonakele, ukugqwala endaweni eyonakele kuzoba kubi kakhulu.
2. Indawo yokulawula:Gcina izingxenye zokuxhuma zomile futhi zihlanzekile ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ugweme ukunqwabelana kwama-electrolyte.
3. Ukusebenzisa izinto zokuguqula:ukwengeza insimbi enekhono le-electrode phakathi kwezinsimbi ezimbili (njenge-aluminium), kodwa le ndlela ayivamile ukusetshenziswa futhi idinga ukwakheka ngokucophelela.
4. Ukuvikelwa kwe-Cathodic:Isakhiwo sonke siguqulwa ngokwenziwa sibe yi-cathode ngokusebenzisa ugesi wangaphandle noma ukudela i-anode (njenge-zinc block), kodwa lokhu kuvame ukusetshenziselwa izakhiwo ezinkulu njengemikhumbi namapayipi.
Isiphetho
Insimbi engagqwali kanye nensimbi yekhabhoni azikwazi ukuxhumana ngqo ngoba zingakha amabhethri ayinhloko ezindaweni ezimanzi ze-electrolyte, okuholela ekugqwaleni kwe-galvanic kwensimbi yekhabhoni njenge-anode. Ukuze kugwenywe lesi simo, izinyathelo zokuhlukanisa ukufakelwa kukagesi kumele zithathwe ngesikhathi sokuklama nokufakwa, njengokusebenzisa ama-gasket okufakelwa ukufakelwa, ama-bushings, kanye ne-coating, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha nokuphila kwesikhathi eside kwemishini.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Okthoba-29-2025