Ibyuma bitangiza amashanyarazi n'ibyuma bya karuboni ntibishobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye, ibi bikaba ari ihame ry'ingenzi mu bumenyi bw'ibikoresho n'ubuhanga. Biterwa ahanini no kubaho kwa "galvanic corrosion", nanone bikunze kwitwa "galvanic corrosion" cyangwa "heterogeneous metal corrosion". Ibi ni nk'igice cy'icyuma cya karuboni cyitanga kugira ngo kirinde icyuma kitangiza amashanyarazi, bigatuma icyuma cya karuboni gihita gicika ingese.
Icyuma kidasembuye ntigishobora guhuzwa n'icyuma cya karuboni gishingiye ku ibara ry'umukara: kwangirika kwa galvanic
1. Itandukaniro rishoboka ni imbaraga zituma ibintu bihinduka
Ibyuma bitandukanye bifite ibikorwa bitandukanye bya elegitoroniki mu electrolyte (nk'amazi, umwuka utose, aside, bases, umunyu, nibindi), bishobora kumvikana nk'urwego rutandukanye rw'igihombo cya elegitoroniki. Iri tandukaniro mu bikorwa ripimirwa n'ubushobozi bwa elegitoroniki.
Ibyuma bikora reactive, nk'icyuma cya karuboni, bifite ubushobozi buke bwa electrode kandi bikunze gutakaza electron, bigatuma zidakomera cyane.
Ibyuma bidafite ireme (nk'icyuma kitagira ireme) bifite ubushobozi bwinshi bwa electrode kandi ntibikunze gutakaza electron. Impamvu icyuma kitagira ireme "kitagira ireme" ni uko chromium iri ku buso bwayo ikora filime ikomeye ya chromium oxide passivation, ikarinda kwangirika kurushaho.
Iyo ibyo byuma byombi bihuye neza na electrolyte, havuka urujya n'uruza rw'amashanyarazi rw'ibanze.
2. Uburyo bwo kwangirika
Anode (impera yangiritse): Icyuma cya karuboni, nk'icyuma gikora, kiba anode ya batiri. Kirashonga (cyangiza) kandi kikarekura elektroni. Igisubizo ni: Fe → Fe ² ⁺+2e ⁻
Cathode (inyuma irinzwe): Icyuma kidafunze, nk'icyuma kidafunze, kiba cathode ya batiri. Ntigihinduka ingese, ahubwo cyakira gusa electron zituruka kuri anode kandi zigakoresha izi electron kugira ngo zihuze na electrolytes (nk'umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mazi). Igisubizo ni: O ₂+2H ₂ O+4e ⁻ → 4OH ⁻
Ibisubizo: Muri ubu buryo bwa bateri, umuriro uva mu cyuma cya karuboni (anode) ujya mu cyuma kidashonga (cathode), bigatuma igipimo cyo kwangirika kw'icyuma cya karuboni cyiyongera cyane, mu gihe icyuma kidashonga kirinzwe na "uburinzi bwa katodike" kandi hafi ya cyose nticyangirika.
Imvugo ngereranyo isobanutse neza:
Ni nko kugira "umuntu w'inyangamugayo" (icyuma cya karuboni) n' "umuntu w'umunyabwenge" (icyuma kidashonga) bakorana mu bucuruzi. Iyo bahuye n'ingorane (ibidukikije byangiza), abantu b'inyangamugayo bahora bigomwa inyungu zabo (zangiritse) kugira ngo abantu b'abanyabwenge badakomeretswa.
Icyuma kidasembuye ntigishobora guhuzwa n'ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku cyuma cya karuboni
Uburemere bwa galvanic corruption buterwa n'ibintu bikurikira:
Ibidukikije (electrolyte):Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Mu mwuka wumye, ingese ya galvanic ntibaho kuko nta electrolyte ikora urujya n'uruza. Ariko mu bidukikije bikonje, mu mazi yo mu nyanja, mu nganda, no mu bidukikije bitera umunyu, ingese ishobora kwihuta cyane kandi ikomeye.
Itandukaniro rishoboka:Uko itandukaniro rishoboka hagati y’ibyuma bibiri rirushaho kuba rinini, ni ko imbaraga zitera ingese zirushaho gukomera. Itandukaniro rishoboka hagati y’icyuma cya karuboni n’icyuma kidashonga ni rinini bihagije ku buryo ritera ingese nyinshi.
Igipimo cy'agace ka anode n'agace ka cathode:Iki ni kimwe mu bintu biteje akaga cyane. Iyo agace ka cathode (icyuma kidafunze) ari kanini kandi agace ka anode (icyuma kidafunze) ari gato, umuyoboro wa corruption uzaba wibanda cyane ku cyuma gito cya karuboni, bigatuma gicika burundu kandi kigatobora mu gihe gito cyane. Urugero, iyo ikigega cy'icyuma kidafunze gifashwe na bolt ya karuboni, bolt ya karuboni izahita icika.
Ni gute wakwirinda no gukemura ikibazo cy’ibyuma bitagira umugese bihuzwa n’icyuma cya karuboni?
Mu bikorwa bifatika, akenshi tugomba guhuza icyuma kitagira umugese n'icyuma cya karuboni, kandi ingamba zo kwitandukanya zigomba gufatwa:
1. Ubwugarizi bw'amashanyarazi:Ubu ni bwo buryo bwiza kandi bukoreshwa cyane. Shyiramo ibikoresho byo gukingira bidakoresha amashanyarazi hagati y'ibyuma bibiri kugira ngo uce umurongo w'amashanyarazi.
- Koresha gasket/meshers zo gukaraba: Koresha pulasitiki (nka PVC, nylon), rubber, cyangwa gaskets za sintetike ku miyoboro ya flange.
- Koresha uduce dushyushya n'uducupa two kumesa: Mu duce dufatanye, koresha uduce dushyushya twa pulasitiki hagati y'uducupa n'imyobo y'icyuma cya karuboni, kandi ukoreshe uduce dushyushya munsi y'imbuto.
- Uburyo bwo gusiga: Siga epoxy resin, usige irangi cyangwa ukoreshe izindi pate ku buso bufatanye. Ubusanzwe ni byiza gusiga byombi, cyangwa byibuze usige cathode (icyuma kidashonga), kuko iyo anode (icyuma cya karuboni) gusa itwikiriwe, iyo pate imaze kwangirika, ingese ku gace kangiritse izarushaho gukomera.
2. Ahantu ho kugenzura:Ibice bihuza bigumane byumye kandi bisukuye uko bishoboka kose kugira ngo wirinde electrolyte nyinshi.
3. Gukoresha ibikoresho byo guhindura:kongeramo icyuma gifite ubushobozi bwa electrode hagati y’ibyuma bibiri (nk’aluminiyumu), ariko ubu buryo ntibukunze gukoreshwa cyane kandi busaba igishushanyo mbonera cyitondewe.
4. Uburinzi bwa Katodike:Inyubako yose ihinduka cathode mu buryo bw'ubukorano hakoreshejwe umuyoboro wo hanze cyangwa ugatakaza anode (nk'igice cya zinc), ariko ibi bikunze gukoreshwa ku nyubako nini nk'amato n'imiyoboro.
Umwanzuro
Ibyuma bitangiza amashanyarazi n'ibyuma bya karuboni ntibishobora gukoranaho kuko bishobora gukora bateri z'ibanze mu kirere gishyushye cya electrolyte, bigatuma icyuma cya karuboni cyihuta cyane nk'umusemburo wa anode. Kugira ngo hirindwe iki kibazo, ingamba zo gukingira amashanyarazi zigomba gufatwa mu gihe cyo gushushanya no gushyiraho, nko gukoresha gaskets zo gukingira amashanyarazi, bushings, na coatings, kugira ngo ibikoresho bigire umutekano kandi bikore igihe kirekire.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-29-2025