Bayani Kan Bakin Karfe
Bakin Karfe: Nau'in ƙarfe wanda aka sani da juriyar tsatsa da kuma rashin tsatsa, yana ɗauke da aƙalla chromium 10.5% da matsakaicin 1.2% na carbon.
Bakin ƙarfe abu ne da ake amfani da shi sosai a masana'antu daban-daban, wanda aka san shi da juriyar tsatsa da kuma sauƙin amfani da shi. Daga cikin nau'ikan ƙarfe da yawa, 304, 304H, 304L, da 316 sune mafi yawansu, kamar yadda aka ƙayyade a cikin ma'aunin ASTM A240/A240M don "Fararen Karfe na Chromium da Chromium-Nickel, Takarda, da Zare don Tasoshin Matsi da Aikace-aikace na Gabaɗaya."
Waɗannan nau'ikan ƙarfe guda huɗu suna cikin nau'in ƙarfe iri ɗaya. Ana iya rarraba su a matsayin ƙarfe mai bakin austenitic bisa ga tsarinsu da kuma a matsayin ƙarfe mai bakin chromium-nickel mai jerin 300 bisa ga abun da ke cikinsu. Babban bambance-bambancen da ke tsakaninsu ya ta'allaka ne a cikin sinadaran da ke cikinsu, juriya ga tsatsa, juriya ga zafi, da kuma filayen amfani.
Bakin Karfe na Austenitic: An yi shi ne da tsarin lu'ulu'u mai siffar cubic mai tsakiya a fuska (γ phase), wanda ba shi da maganadisu, kuma galibi yana ƙarfafawa ta hanyar aiki mai sanyi (wanda zai iya haifar da wani maganadisu). (GB/T 20878)
Kwatanta Tsarin Sinadarai da Aiki (Dangane da Ka'idojin ASTM)
Bakin Karfe 304:
- Babban Abun Ciki: Ya ƙunshi kimanin kashi 17.5-19.5% na chromium da kuma 8-10.5% na nickel, tare da ƙaramin adadin carbon (ƙasa da 0.07%).
- Kayayyakin InjiYana nuna ƙarfin taurin gwiwa mai kyau (515 MPa) da kuma tsawaitawa (kusan kashi 40% ko fiye).
Bakin Karfe 304L:
- Babban Abun Ciki: Yi kama da 304 amma tare da ƙarancin sinadarin carbon (ƙasa da 0.03%).
- Kayayyakin Inji: Saboda ƙarancin sinadarin carbon, ƙarfin tururin ya ɗan yi ƙasa da 304 (485 MPa), tare da tsawaitawa iri ɗaya. Ƙarancin sinadarin carbon yana ƙara ƙarfin aikin walda.
Bakin Karfe 304H:
- Babban Abun Ciki: Yawan sinadarin carbon yawanci yana tsakanin 0.04% zuwa 0.1%, tare da raguwar manganese (ƙasa zuwa 0.8%) da ƙaruwar silicon (har zuwa 1.0-2.0%). Yawan sinadarin Chromium da nickel suna kama da 304.
- Kayayyakin Inji: Ƙarfin taurin kai (515 MPa) da tsayin daka iri ɗaya ne da 304. Yana da ƙarfi da ƙarfi mai kyau a yanayin zafi mai yawa, wanda hakan ya sa ya dace da yanayin zafi mai yawa.
Bakin Karfe 316:
- Babban Abun Ciki: Ya ƙunshi kashi 16-18% na chromium, 10-14% nickel, da kuma kashi 2-3% na molybdenum, tare da sinadarin carbon da ke ƙasa da kashi 0.08%.
- Kayayyakin Inji: Ƙarfin tauri (515 MPa) da tsayi (fiye da 40%). Yana da juriya mai ƙarfi ga tsatsa.
Daga kwatancen da ke sama, a bayyane yake cewa nau'ikan guda huɗu suna da irin wannan siffa ta injiniya. Bambance-bambancen suna cikin abubuwan da ke cikin su, wanda ke haifar da bambance-bambance a cikin juriyar tsatsa da juriyar zafi.
Kwatanta Juriyar Tsatsa da Juriyar Zafi na Bakin Karfe
Juriyar Tsatsa:
- Bakin Karfe 316: Saboda kasancewar molybdenum, yana da juriyar tsatsa fiye da jerin 304, musamman akan tsatsawar chloride.
- Bakin Karfe 304L: Da ƙarancin sinadarin carbon, yana da juriyar tsatsa, wanda ya dace da muhallin da ke lalata iska. Tsatsarsa ta ɗan yi ƙasa da 316 amma ta fi araha.
Juriyar Zafi:
- Bakin Karfe 316: Babban sinadarinsa na chromium-nickel-molybdenum yana ba da juriyar zafi fiye da bakin karfe 304, musamman ma molybdenum yana ƙara juriyar iskar shaka.
- Bakin Karfe 304H: Saboda yawan sinadarin carbon, ƙarancin manganese, da kuma yawan sinadarin silicon, yana kuma nuna juriyar zafi a yanayin zafi mai yawa.
Filin Aikace-aikacen Bakin Karfe
Bakin Karfe 304: Matsakaici mai sauƙin amfani kuma mai sauƙin amfani, wanda ake amfani da shi sosai a gine-gine, masana'antu, da sarrafa abinci.
Bakin Karfe 304L: Sigar 304 mai ƙarancin carbon, ta dace da injiniyan sinadarai da na ruwa, tare da hanyoyin sarrafawa iri ɗaya da na 304 amma ta fi dacewa da muhallin da ke buƙatar juriyar tsatsa da kuma sauƙin amfani da farashi.
Bakin Karfe 304H: Ana amfani da shi a cikin na'urorin dumama da na'urorin sake dumama manyan boilers, bututun tururi, na'urorin musanya zafi a masana'antar man fetur, da sauran aikace-aikace da ke buƙatar juriyar tsatsa da aiki mai zafi mai kyau.
Bakin Karfe 316: Ana amfani da shi sosai a masana'antar sarrafa bawon fulawa da takarda, manyan masana'antu, kayan sarrafa sinadarai da adana su, kayan matatun mai, kayan aikin likitanci da magunguna, mai da iskar gas na teku, muhallin ruwa, da kayan girki masu inganci.
Lokacin Saƙo: Satumba-24-2024