Ukubuka Konke Kwensimbi Engagqwali
Insimbi engagqwali: Uhlobo lwensimbi olwaziwa ngokumelana nokugqwala kanye nezakhiwo zalo zokungagqwali, oluqukethe okungenani i-10.5% ye-chromium kanye ne-carbon engu-1.2% ephezulu.
Insimbi engagqwali iyinto esetshenziswa kabanzi emikhakheni eyahlukahlukene, eyaziwa ngokumelana kwayo nokugqwala kanye nokuguquguquka kwayo. Phakathi kwamazinga amaningi ensimbi engagqwali, i-304, i-304H, i-304L, kanye ne-316 yizona ezivame kakhulu, njengoba kuchaziwe ku-ASTM A240/A240M standard ye-“Chromium kanye ne-Chromium-Nickel Stainless Steel Plate, Sheet, kanye ne-Strip ye-Pressure Vessels kanye ne-General Applications.”
Lezi zinhlobo ezine zingaphansi kwesigaba esifanayo sensimbi. Zingahlukaniswa njengezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-austenitic ngokusekelwe esakhiweni sazo kanye nezinsimbi ezingagqwali ze-chromium-nickel ezingu-300 ezisekelwe ekwakhiweni kwazo. Umehluko omkhulu phakathi kwazo usekwakhekeni kwazo kwamakhemikhali, ukumelana nokugqwala, ukumelana nokushisa, kanye nezinkambu zokusetshenziswa.
Insimbi Engagqwali Yase-Austenitic: Ngokuyinhloko yakhiwe ngesakhiwo sekristalu esiyisikwele esigxile ebusweni (isigaba se-γ), esingesona esinozibuthe, futhi siqiniswa kakhulu ngokusebenza okubandayo (okungase kubangele ukuzibuthe okuthile). (GB/T 20878)
Ukwakheka Kwamakhemikhali Nokuqhathaniswa Kokusebenza (Kususelwa Emazingeni E-ASTM)
304 Insimbi Engagqwali:
- Ukwakheka Okuyinhloko: Iqukethe cishe i-chromium engu-17.5-19.5% kanye ne-nickel engu-8-10.5%, kanye nenani elincane lekhabhoni (ngaphansi kuka-0.07%).
- Izakhiwo Zemishini: Ibonisa amandla amahle okudonseka (515 MPa) kanye nokunwebeka (cishe ama-40% noma ngaphezulu).
Insimbi Engagqwali engu-304L:
- Ukwakheka Okuyinhloko: Kufana no-304 kodwa okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okuncishisiwe (ngaphansi kuka-0.03%).
- Izakhiwo Zemishini: Ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okuphansi, amandla okudonsa aphansi kancane kune-304 (485 MPa), enobude obufanayo. Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okuphansi kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwayo kokushisela.
Insimbi Engagqwali engu-304H:
- Ukwakheka Okuyinhloko: Okuqukethwe kwekhabhoni kuvame ukuba phakathi kuka-0.04% no-0.1%, kanye ne-manganese encishisiwe (efinyelela ku-0.8%) kanye ne-silicon ekhuphukile (efinyelela ku-1.0-2.0%). Okuqukethwe kwe-chromium kanye ne-nickel kufana no-304.
- Izakhiwo Zemishini: Amandla okuthamba (515 MPa) kanye nokwelulwa kufana no-304. Inamandla amahle kanye nokuqina emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okwenza ifaneleke ezindaweni ezishisa kakhulu.
316 Insimbi Engagqwali:
- Ukwakheka Okuyinhloko: Iqukethe i-chromium engu-16-18%, i-nickel engu-10-14%, kanye ne-molybdenum engu-2-3%, enokuqukethwe kwekhabhoni okungaphansi kuka-0.08%.
- Izakhiwo Zemishini: Amandla okunamathela (515 MPa) kanye nobude (okungaphezu kuka-40%). Inokumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu.
Kusukela ekuqhathanisweni okungenhla, kusobala ukuthi amazinga amane anezakhiwo ezifanayo kakhulu zemishini. Umehluko usekwakhekeni kwawo, okuholela ekuhlukeni kokumelana nokugqwala kanye nokumelana nokushisa.
Ukumelana Nokugqwala Kwensimbi Engagqwali Nokuqhathaniswa Kokumelana Nokushisa
Ukumelana Nokugqwala:
- 316 Insimbi EngagqwaliNgenxa yokuba khona kwe-molybdenum, inokumelana nokugqwala okungcono kunochungechunge lwe-304, ikakhulukazi ngokumelene nokugqwala kwe-chloride.
- Insimbi Engagqwali engu-304L: Njengoba inokuqukethwe okuphansi kwekhabhoni, futhi inokumelana okuhle nokugqwala, ifanelekela izindawo ezigqwalayo. Ukumelana kwayo nokugqwala kuphansi kancane kune-316 kodwa kubiza kakhulu.
Ukumelana Nokushisa:
- 316 Insimbi Engagqwali: Ukwakheka kwayo okuphezulu kwe-chromium-nickel-molybdenum kunikeza ukumelana nokushisa okungcono kunensimbi engagqwali engu-304, ikakhulukazi lapho i-molybdenum ithuthukisa ukumelana kwayo nokushiswa kwe-oxidation.
- Insimbi Engagqwali engu-304H: Ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okuphezulu kwekhabhoni, i-manganese ephansi, kanye ne-silicon ephezulu, iphinde ibonise ukumelana okuhle nokushisa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu.
Amasimu Okusetshenziswa Kwensimbi Engagqwali
304 Insimbi Engagqwali: Ibanga eliyisisekelo elingabizi futhi eliguquguqukayo, elisetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni, ekukhiqizeni nasekucubunguleni ukudla.
Insimbi Engagqwali engu-304L: Inguqulo ye-304 enekhabhoni ephansi, efanelekela ubunjiniyela bamakhemikhali nobasolwandle, enezindlela zokucubungula ezifanayo ne-304 kodwa efaneleka kangcono ezindaweni ezidinga ukumelana nokugqwala okuphezulu kanye nokuzwela kwezindleko.
Insimbi Engagqwali engu-304H: Isetshenziswa kuma-superheater kanye nama-reheater ama-boiler amakhulu, amapayipi omusi, ama-heat exchanger embonini ye-petrochemical, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezidinga ukumelana okuhle nokugqwala kanye nokusebenza kahle kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu.
316 Insimbi Engagqwali: Ivame ukusetshenziswa ezigayweni ze-pulp nephepha, embonini enzima, imishini yokucubungula nokugcina amakhemikhali, imishini yokuhlanza, imishini yezokwelapha neyemithi, uwoyela negesi ogwini lolwandle, izindawo zasolwandle, kanye nezitsha zokupheka ezisezingeni eliphezulu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba-24-2024