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If vapor-pressure and enthalpy data are readily available, heat exchangers will likely not require piloting. Conversely, unit operations, such as extraction, drying and crystallization, typically require more scaleup steps and may involve working directly with equipment suppliers. Processes with significant solids-handling requirements, two-phase flow or non-Newtonian fluids, such as foams or sludge, will also require more steps prior to full-scale commercialization. Similarly, processes that deal with powders or non-free-flowing solids can be particularly challenging and difficult to scale up.

These components make it possible to obtain maximum accuracy, reliability, repeatability, and easy access to the workpiece and maximizes the quality and accuracy advantages already offered by the laser cutting process.

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20 – The U.S. Justice Department charged two Chinese citizens with carrying out an extensive hacking campaign to steal data from American companies – also accusing them of targeting a dozen other nations, including Canada. An indictment was unsealed against Zhu Hua and Zhang Shillong, who prosecutors say were acting on behalf of China’s main intelligence agency. They are accused of breaching computer networks in a broad swath of industries, including aviation and space and pharmaceutical technology.

MEB’s battery voltage will depend on the number of cells and cell types, VW says, but at the beginning of production, nominal voltage will range between 300 and 400 volts. Battery pack capacity will be either 48, 62, or roughly 82 kWh, with the 48 kWh and 62 kWh sharing the same pack (the 48 kWh simply has two fewer cell modules), and the 82 kWh pack having a different, larger housing. The smallest battery promises 175 miles on the EPA cycle, the biggest will get a projected 300 mile range, and the 52 kWh pack will be somewhere in between.

VW started designing the MEB platform—the company’s very first high volume EV architecture—about three years ago. Like Tesla vehicles, it comes in either rear-wheel drive or all-wheel drive configurations, and is built around a flat, rectangular battery pack that’s bolted beneath the vehicle’s floor.

Speaking of the cooling system, MEB-platform cars will have an optional heat pump, which is sort of like an air conditioning system in reverse, using heat from the powertrain and the outside environment to warm the cabin rather than relying solely on a battery powered electric heater. VW expects to yield an improvement of over 10 percent in overall range in the winter.

18 – Former cricket star and longtime politician Imran Khan was sworn in as Pakistan’s prime minister despite protests by opposition parties, which accused the security services of intervening on his behalf in July’s elections.

The translation of pilot-scale data for direct scaleup is done based on proven methodologies validated through the collection and comparison of data collected on both the pilot and commercial scale. These methodologies have been proven at progressively smaller scales for numerous reaction and separation systems.

7 – Longtime Quebec Liberal John Ciaccia, whose quarter century in provincial politics was marked by a stint as native affairs minister during the explosive Oka Crisis in 1990, died at age 85.

Insteel Industries, Inc., together with its subsidiaries, manufactures and markets steel wire reinforcing products for concrete construction applications. The company offers pre-stressed concrete strand (PC strand) and welded wire reinforcement (WWR) products. Its PC strand is a seven-wire strand that is used to impart compression forces into precast concrete elements and structures providing reinforcement for bridges, parking decks, buildings, and other concrete structures. The company's WWR engineered reinforcing product is used in nonresidential and residential construction. It produces a range of WWR products, such as engineered structural mesh, an engineered made-to-order product that is used as the primary reinforcement for concrete elements or structures serving as a reinforcing solution for hot-rolled rebar; concrete pipe reinforcement, an engineered made-to-order product that is used as the primary reinforcement in concrete pipe, box culverts, and precast manholes for drainage and sewage systems, water treatment facilities, and other related applications; and standard welded wire reinforcement, a secondary reinforcing product for crack control applications in residential and light nonresidential construction, including driveways, sidewalks, and various slab-on-grade applications. The company sells its products through sales representatives to the manufacturers of concrete products, distributors, rebar fabricators, and contractors primarily in the United States, as well as in Canada, Mexico, and Central and South America. Insteel Industries, Inc. was founded in 1953 and is headquartered in Mount Airy, North Carolina.

13 – Calgarians headed to the polls in a plebiscite on whether the city should host the 2026 Olympic and Paralympic Winter Games. More than 56 per cent voted no. Calgary city council voted unanimously on Nov. 19 to wind up the bid corporation.